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Organism environment Test

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1.
● dependent on combination of genetic predisposition and factors of environment or life style influencing manifestation of the disease
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2.
Disease may be dependent:● exclusively on genetic factors without any possibility to influence its appearance: b
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3.
Factors influencing organism a
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4.
Disease may be dependent:● exclusively on genetic factors without any possibility to influence its appearance:
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5.
1b Organism and environment, adaptation
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6.
● largely dependent on environment or life style
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7.
1a Organism and environment, adaptation
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8.
● dependent on combination of genetic predisposition and factors of environment or life style influencing manifestation of the disease b
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9.
Factors influencing organism b
A.
most frequent case- early coronary heart disease - due to predisposition to hypercholesterolemia and simultaneous high animal fat intake and/or smoking, low physical activity, stress factors etc.
B.
any change of external environment requires resetting of regulatory mechanisms to keep homeostasis- each adaptation mechanism has some capacity (limited)
C.
- Malaria - only in countries with mosquitoes transmitting Plasmodium
D.
continuous interactions between organisms and external environment- body tries to keep constant interval environment (homeostasis) irrespective of external environment parameters via adaptation mechanisms (e.g. thermoregulatory)
E.
- obesity and insulin non-dependent diabetes mellitus - combination of genetic predisposition with nutritional habits and low physical activity
F.
- X - linked recessive (Hemophilia, Bruton-type hypogammaglobulinemia, Duchenne's dystrophy)
G.
● not-changeable - genetics, gender, ethnic, age ● changeable - nutrition, life style, personal habits
H.
- autosomal dominant (Adult polycystic kidney disease, Familial hypercholesterolemia, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Spherocytosis, von Willebrand's disease)- autosomal recessive (Color blindness, Cystic fibrosis, Phenylketonuria)
I.
● factors from environment - viral and microbial - chemical (toxins, drugs, allergens) - physical (irradiation, temperature, sun exposure, altitude - p02)● psychological factors (family background, stress, religion etc.)
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10.
high external temperature requires thermoregulatory response based on peripheral vasodilation → ↓ BP - to keep adequate BP requires ↑ MV, people with chronic heart failure do not have
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11.
it is !!!very individual!!! - dependent on:- genetic disposition- age
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12.
extreme (or too quick) changes of the external environment or failure of adaptation mechanism (due to failure of some organ) → change in internal environment (broken homeostasis) → disease
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13.
border changes of external environment leading to survival only of individuals with best adaptation facilities are causing natural selection (Darwin theory), when Medicine does not interfere
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14.
functional reserve of the body systems responsible for the adaptation to a particular change (dependent on the previous life style - nutrition, physical activity etc.)
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15.
sufficient heart reserve→ COLLAPSE (unconsciousness) (typical for old people)
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16.
represents adaptability of the body- can be expressed as a range of external environment parameters within which the particular organism can keep homeostasis (survive)

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