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X-Phar410 Drug Bio Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
BioSYNTHETIC reactions that result in covalent linkage; something is ADDED (conjugated)
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2.
Oxidized Acetaminophen becomes
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3.
Phase II Glutathione conjugation
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4.
most often the product of biotransformation of body enzymes is
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5.
once in bloodstream, drugs are transported directly to
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6.
orally ingested drugs go to -->
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7.
Phase I reaction (deamination)
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8.
in some cases biotransformation results in
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9.
Microflora in intestines can cleave the covalent bond made during Phase II biotransformations which does what?
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10.
Phase I reaction (hydrolysis)
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11.
EX: a decrease in the active form of a drug occurs
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12.
Phase that generally results in loss of activity
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13.
Phase I doesnt always happen, neither does Phase II
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14.
Functional Phase
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15.
EX: a decrease in the plasma concentration of the active form of PROdrug
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16.
Phase II reactions Glucuronidation
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17.
enzyme involved in drug-drug interactions
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18.
Glutathione Adduct or Conjugate is what
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19.
designed to take advantage of absorption or metabolic properties to provide optimal drug therapy
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20.
an active drug can go two routes
A.
less active or inactive as compared to parent drug; metabolite can no longer produce therapeutic response
B.
Phase I; introduce or expose a functional group on a compound to make more polar (hydrophilic)
C.
remove amine; done via oxygen
D.
Phase I; in some cases the reaction enhances activity of parent compound
E.
inhibitor; not enough enzymes to activate the inactive prodrug
F.
The "E" bound to the "S" of the Glutathione; rxn kicks off glutamyl AA and then Glycine AA to leave Cysteine with the E
G.
Phase II; covalent linkage between functional group ON the parent drug and a highly polar conjugate; to make more hydrophilic
H.
intestine --> portal vein --> liver --> circulation via hepatic vein
I.
breaking of a bond with addition of H2O
J.
NAPQI; "E", can kill hepatic cells if not conjugated with Glutathione
K.
Prodrugs; can be activated in various places (stomach, intestine, liver, inside cell) and in various ways (cleavage of groups, biotransformations, addition of phosphates)
L.
O-UDP + ROH --> RO ; UDP is a transfer agent
M.
the parent compound is cleaved and released/ reabsorbed in systemic circulation; enterohepatic recirculation
N.
CYP 450 (1-3)
O.
an active form of the initially inactive parent drug
P.
liver; first pass metabolism
Q.
directly to excretion or can be biotransformed to an inactive metabolite then excreted
R.
a tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine that picks things up to help them be excreted
S.
Not always in order of I then II
T.
when there is an inducer; more enzymes, more metabolism
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21.
second source of metabolism; second to liver
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22.
Biotransformation
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23.
drugs that are "foreign to body"
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24.
entero
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25.
must abundant subfamily of human cytochrome enzymes
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26.
In some cases, the drug is inactive and the biotransformation results in
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27.
competitive binding at an enzymes binding site
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28.
add a sulfate (SO3--)
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29.
prodrug; must be biotransformed to have therapeutic response
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30.
derivative of drug structure; usually inactive or less active

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