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A & P 2 Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
Neurotransmitters send "messages" across synaptic clefts to appropriate receptors.
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2.
Includes ADH, Oxytocin, GH, prolactin, all hormones secreted by heart, hypothalamus, thymus, digestive tract, pancreas, and neurohypophysis, and most of adenohypophysis
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3.
Lipids structurally similar to cholesterol. Released by male and female reproductive organs(androgens by testes), estrogen and progestins by ovaries), corticosteroids (by cortex of suprarenal glands, calcitriol (kidneys).
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4.
Synthesized as prohormones- inactive molecules that are converted to active hormones either before or after they are secreted. Composed of chains of amino acids.
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5.
Hormones are inactivated when.....
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6.
Hormones alter operations of target cells in what 3 ways?
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7.
Has two classes, eicosanoid derived from acachidonic acid (20-carbon fatty acids) and steroid hormones (derived from cholesterol)
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8.
Relatively small molecules that are structurally related to amino acids. A.k.a biogenic amines, are synthesized from tyrosine and tryptophan.
A.
Synaptic Communication
B.
1. Diffuses out of the bloodstream and binds to receptors on target cells 2. absorbed and broken down by cells of the liver or kidneys 3. broken down by enyzmes in plasma or interstitial fluids
C.
Peptide hormones (group of hormones)
D.
Lipid Derivatives ( group of hormones)
E.
1. stimulate synthesis of enzyme by activating genes in nucleus 2. Increase or decrease rate of synthesis by affecting rate of transcription or translation 3. turn an existing enzyme or membrane channel "on" or "off" by changing shape or structure
F.
Steroid Hormones
G.
Amino Acid Derivatives (group of hormones)
H.
Other group of peptide hormones
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
incorrect
9.
Primary hormone derivative is melatonin produced by the pineal gland.
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10.
Occurs between Cells of same type through physical contact, transmitted though gap junctions by exchange of ions and molecules.
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11.
More than 200 amino acids long and have carbohydrate side chains. Includes TSH, LH, FSH from adenohypophysis.
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12.
Eicosanoids released by activated white blood cells (leukocytes). Important in coordinating tissue response to injury or disease
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13.
Glandular secretory cells that release secretions into the extracellular fluid.
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14.
Includes Thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland, and epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which are known as catecholamines.
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15.
Uses Hormones to coordinate cellular activities in tissues in distant parts of body through circulatory system.
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16.
Use of paracrine factors to transfer information from cell to cell locally through extracellular fluid.
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17.
small molecules with a five-carbon ring at one end, importan paracrine factors that coordinate cellular activities and affect enzymatic processes in extracellular fluids.
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18.
Eicosanoids produced in most tissues of the body to coordinate local cellular activities sometimes converted to thromboxanes and prostacyclins which also have strong paracrine effects.

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