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MT Skeletal
MT Skeletal & Muscul
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Axial skeleton is composed of | skull, vertebrae, ribcage, |
| How many cervical vertebrae are there? | 7 |
| How many thoracic vertebrae? | 12 |
| How many lumbar vertebrae? | 5 |
| How many sacral vertebrae? | 1 but its composed of 5 bones fused together |
| Calcaneus | Heel bone |
| Diaphysis | long shaft of the bone |
| epiphysis | rounded, irregular end of the long bone |
| periosteum | tissue covering of the bone; fiberous connective tissue |
| epiphyseal | allows the bone to grow length wise, goes away when a person reaches their height |
| Tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
| Acetabulum | accepts the head of the femur |
| Osteoblast | bone building cell (builds up) |
| Osteoclast | breaks bone apart (breaks down) |
| Osteocyte | bone cell |
| Simple fracture = | no break in skin, little or no dmg to soft tissue. (all fractures are simple except compound fractures) |
| Comminuted fracture | splintered bone |
| Greenstick fracture | bone is bent, but only broken on one side; most often sen in children |
| Compound (Open) fractureW | Bone protruding from skin |
| Spiral fracture | fracture forms a spiral which encircles the bone, twisted |
| Osteoporosis = | a decline in bone mass to a degree that compromises normal function |
| Bone markings = | groves where muscle & tendon blood vessels & nerves enter and exit |
| Treatment of a sprain is | (PRICE) Protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation |
| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| Lordosis | sway back |
| Kyphosis | huntch back |
| O-R-I-F means | open reduction internal fixation |
| Fracture = | crack or break in bone |
| Transverse fracture = | fracture line is at right angle with the long axis of the bone |
| Define ligament | attaches bone to bone |
| Acetabulum | accepts the head of the femur |
| Define ilium | upper rounded area on the hip bone |
| cartilage | more flexable than bone |
| Osteoblast | bone building cell |
| What are the functions of the bones? | Support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) |
| Define the appendicular skeleton | bones of the arms, legs, pelvic gridle |
| The skeletal systems include: | joints, cartilages, ligaments, and bone |
| Define orthopedics | branch of medicine concerned w/ skeletal system |
| Define compact bone | A solid bone |
| Define spongy bone | looks like sponge |
| Give some examples of long bones | arms, legs, fingers, toes, femur |
| Give some examples of short bones | wrists and ankles |
| Give some examples of flat bones | ribs, sternum, skull, shoulder blades |
| Give some examples of Irregular bones | facial vertebrae |
| Factors that affect bone growth and maintenance are: | Heredity, Nutrition (Vitamins A,C, D,calcium), Hormones (growth hormones), Exercise or 'stress' |
| Rickets | bones become softened due to lack of vitamin D. Affects children due to lack of milk and not playing outside. |
| Exercise for bones is | barring weight, which bones are specialized to do |
| Stress for bones is | w/o normal stress bones will loose calcium faster than it's replaced. |
| Orhopedics | branch of medicine concerned with the skeletal system |
| Where is the humerus | upper arm |
| Where is the olecranon | elbow |
| Where is the radius | arm bone on the thumb side |
| Where is the Ulna | arm bone on little finger side |
| Where are the carpel bones | wrist |
| Where are the Metacarpals | bones within the palm area of the hand |
| Where are the Phalanges | fingers and toes |
| Flexion | decrease angle of the joint |
| Extension | increased angle of the joint |
| Abduction | movement away from the midline |
| Adduction | movement toward the midline |
| Pronation | rotation of the forearm so palm is faced down |
| Supination | rotation of the forearm so palm is face up |
| Dorsiflexion | standing on your heels |
| Plantar flexion | standing on your toes |
| Muscle that forms the calf of the leg | gastrocnemius |
| site imjection for children under 3 years | vastus lateralis |
| How many phalanges are there in each hand | 14 |
| How many phalanges are in each finger | 3 |
| How many phalanges are in the thumb | 2 |
| define myopathy | any disorder of the muscle |
| Where is the femur located | thigh bone; longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body |
| Where is the tibia | larger bone in the lower leg |
| Where is the fibula | smallest bone in the lower leg |
| Where is the tarsus | ankle |
| Where is the talus | ankle |
| Where are the metatarsals | sole of the foot |
| How many phalanges are in each foot | 14 |
| How many phalanges are in each toe | 3 |
| How many phalanges are in the big toe | 2 |
| Another name for a joint is | articulation |
| Define joint | where the bones join together |
| Where is the glenoid fossa, and what is its function | shoulder area; accepts the head of the humerus |
| Define Synarthrosis joint | suture (inmoveable joint) ex. skull |
| Define Amphiarthrosis joint another name is Symphysis | slightly moveable ex. vertebra |
| Define Diarthrosis (synovial joint) | freely moveable ex knee |
| A synovial joint contains what? | synovial fluid |
| Synovial fluid in in a sac known as a | bursa |
| Describe a hinge joint | elbow |
| Describe a pivot joint | radius or ulna |
| Describe a ball-and-socket joint | femur, hipbone, hemerus, shoulder |
| Define arthritis | inflammation of a joint |
| Another name for osteoarthritis is | degenerative joint disease (DJD) |
| The most common type of arthritis is | osteoarthritis (OA) |
| The most crippling type of arthritis is | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |
| Define gout | build up of lactic acid and crystals in a joint most likely found in the big toe |
| How many bones are in the adult body | 206 |
| Blood cell formation = | hematopoiesis |
| The parathyroid glands read calcium levels in the blood. If there's an increase in calcium, what makes bone cells? | osteoblast |
| If there's a decrease in calcium, what "eats" and puts calcium back into the blood? | oeteoclast |
| Oblique fracture = | the fracture is at an angle across the bone |
| Impacted fracture = | bone fragment is driven into another bone fragment and remain in that position |
| Depressed fracture = | skull bone is driven inward |
| Spiral fracture = | fracture forms a spiral which encircles the bone |
| Pathological fracture = | due to a disease process, not trauma |
| Define Axial skeleton | forms a longitudinal axis of the back of the head |
| Frontal bone = | forms forehead |
| Parietal bones = | paired on either side of the cranium |
| Temporal bones = | on each side of the skull above the ears |
| Occipital bone = | base of the skull |
| Maxilla bone = | upper jaw |
| Mandible bone = | lower jaw (only bone in the face that moves) |
| Zygomatic bones = | cheek bones |
| Lacrimal bones = | bone that opens for tears (holes or grooves for tears) |
| Vomer bone = | tip of the nose |
| The hyoid is | the only bone that does not directly articulate with any other bone. (it looks like a horse shoe) |
| What is the paranasal sinus function? | lighten the skull and provides resonance for the voice |
| Define ossicles | malleus, incus, stapes |
| Where are the ossicles located? | middle of the ear |
| Define fontanels (fontanelles) | soft spot on infants head |
| The first cervical vertebra is also known as what? What is it's purpose? | C1 atlas; allows the head to shake yes |
| The atlas allows what | you to shake your head yes |
| The 2nd cervical vertebra is also know as what? | C2 axis - allows you to shake your head no |
| The pivot point (joint) is the | ondontoid process |
| What is the purpose of the intervertbral discs? | allows flexibility and cushions |
| The medical name for the breast bone is the? | sternum |
| There are how many pair of ribs | 12 |
| How many true ribs are there? | 7 |
| How many floating ribs are there | 2 |
| How many false ribs are there | 3 |
| The medical name for the collar bone is the | clavicle |
| The medical name for the shoulder blade is the | scapula |
| Define suture (as it relates to a bone) | immovable |
| What are the 3 parts of the sternum (in order) | manbrium, body, xiphoid process |
| What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs | allows flexibility and cushions |
| Where is the femur located | thigh |
| Another name for the first cervical vertebra is is | the atlas |
| What is the purpose of the atlas (first cervical vertebra) | nod your head yes |
| There are __________ cervical vertebrae | 7 |
| There are ______________ thoracic vertebrae | 12 |
| There are ______________ lumbar vertebrae | 5 |
| ______________is the only bone that does not directly articulate with any other bone | hyoid |
| In the adult, how many bones make up the sacrum | 1 |
| If there is an increase in calcium in the body, _____________ make bone cells | osteoblast |
| The site of muscle attachment on the femur is the | trochanter |
| List 2 bones in the lower arm | radius, ulna |
| The pivot joint for the atlas and the axis is known as the | ondontoid process |
| Where are the metacarpals located | palms of the hand |
| Another name for a synarthrotic joint is | suture |
| What 2 nuturients become part of the bone matrix | calcium and phosphorus |
| Which bones of the cranium are "paired" | temporal bones and parietal bones |
| where are the metatarsals located | sole of the foot |
| What is the purpose of the axis (second vertebra) | shake your head no |
| Red bone marrow is found where and what does it produce | found in spongy bones and produces all types of blood cells |
| Yellow bone marrow is found where and consist of | found in long bones and consists of fat cells and connective tissue |
| Calcitonin does what | causes blood calcium to be deposited in the bones as calcium salts |
| What cause blood calcium to be deposited in the bones as calcium salts | Calcitonin |
| what is another name for Amphiarthrosis joint | Symphysis |
| define symphysis joint | slightly moveable joint (vertebrae) |
| whats another name for Diarthrosis joint | synovial joint |
| hallux= | big toe |
| What nutrients are part of the bone matrix | calcium & phosphorus |
| The site of muscle attachment on the femur is the | trochanter |
| The pivot joint for the atlas and the axis is known as the | odontoid process |
Created by:
jhowe2323
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