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Oriole A&P - Ch 4
terms & definitions from Ch 4 - Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -blast | cells that are actively producing the surrounding matrix |
| -cyte | related to or having to do with cells |
| Amitotic | when neurons act as communicating links, they lose ability to divide |
| anucleate | a cell without a nucleus |
| apical surface | upper free surface exposed to body surface, or cavity of internal organ |
| Avascular | Contains no blood vessels |
| Axons | Carries impulses away and is the conducting portion of a nerve cell. |
| basal surface | near the base interior of a structure |
| Cell body | Focal point and recieves information for neurons. |
| Chondro- | A prefix dealing with cartilage. |
| calcify/ossify | to harden like a bone |
| Dendrites | Motor neurons that convey incoming messages toward the cell body. |
| desmosomes | binding bodies, scattered like rivets along the sides of cells |
| Endocrine | Ductless glands that produce hormones and release directly |
| Exocrine | Glands with ducts that release their products through specific paths |
| extracellular matrix | Nonliving material in connective tissue |
| fibers | slinder, thread like structure and/or filament |
| Fibro- | A prefix dealing with connective tissue. |
| gap junctions | communicating junction betweeb adjacent cells |
| ground substance | non cellular components that contain fibers |
| Hematopoietic | The formation of a blood cell. |
| innervation | nerves being supplied to body parts |
| intercalated discs | cells that fit together tightly at special places |
| Involuntary | Something that can not be controlled. |
| Longevity | Can funtion optimally for a lifetime with good nutrition. |
| macrophages | Protective cell type |
| mast cells | Immune cells that detect foreign substances |
| Mesenchyme | Embryonic tissue that all connective tissues start out as |
| Microvilli | Extensions/folds that increase surface area |
| multinucleate | a cell with more than one nucleus |
| Myofilaments | Brings about movement in all cell types. |
| osteo- | related to bone |
| proteoglycans | proteins that are heavily glycosylated |
| Satellite Cells | Surround neuron cell bodies, resemble moons around a planet |
| Schwann cells | Surround and are vital to the regeneration of nerve fibers. |
| Secretion | process of making and releasing products (mostly protien) |
| Simple vs Stratified | Simple is a single layer; Stratified is multiple layers |
| striations | a repeating series of dark and light bands |
| tight junctions | series of integral protein molecules, cells fuse together |
| uninucleate | a cell with one nucleus |
| Vascularity | Pertaining to blood vessels. |
| Volutary | Something that can be controlled. |
| Anucleate | A cell without a nucleus |
| avascular | lacking blood vessels |
| Calcify/Ossify | To change into bone from another tissue type |
| chondro- | giving rise to cartilage |
| endocrine | secreting internally into the blood or lymph |
| exocrine | secreting to an epithelial surface |
| Extra cellular matrix | gel-like substances composed of proteins, carbs, fibers and liquid outside of cells |
| Fibers | Provide support to connective tissue |
| fibro- | refers to the formation of connective tissue proper |
| Ground Substance | molecular sieve that nutrients/dissolved substances can diffuse through between blood capillaries |
| hematopoietic | cell that gives rise to all formed elements of blood |
| Innervation | Supply of nerves to a body part |
| Intercalated Discs | Connections between cells containing gap and desmosomes junctions |
| involuntary | when mucles don’t move on there own |
| Macrophage | “big eaters” dispose of dead tissue cells, foreign molecules, bacteria, dust particles, ect. |
| Mast cells | along blood vessels and detect foreign microorganisms. |
| mesenchyme | cells of mesodermal orgin that are capable of developing into connective tissues, blood, and lymphatic and blood vessels. |
| microvilli | any of the small, fingerlike projections of the surface of an epithelia cell |
| Multinucleate | contains more than one nucleus within that cell |
| myofilaments | a general term for actin & myosin filaments |
| Osteo- | relating to bone |
| Proteoglycans | consists of a protein core that Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) connect to |
| secretion | A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in an organism. |
| simple vs stratified | simple tissue has only one layer of cells, stratified has 2 to 20 or layers of cells the deepest layer attached to the basement membrane |
| Striations | Repeating serious of dark and light bands |
| Uninucleate | Has one nucleus |
| vascularity | the amount of blood in a certain place |
| voluntary | muscles only move (contract) when told to do so |
| - BLAST | a cell that is forming |
| - CYTE | a suffix meaning 'mature cell' |
| AMITOTIC | can't divide (go through mitosis) |
| ANUCLEATE | a cell without a nucleus |
| APICAL SURFACE | top surface that separates the cells interior from its surroundings |
| AVASCULAR | containing no direct blood input (Ex. Epithelium) |
| AXONS | a part of a neuron that carries electrical signals throughout the body |
| BASAL SURFACE | the surface near the base or interior of a structure |
| CALCIFY / OSSIFY | to make or become bony; harden by the deposit of calcium salts. |
| CELL BODY | major life center of a neuron that contains normal cell organelles and processes electrical signals to determine whether to pass it on or not |
| CHONDRO - | prefix that has to do with cartilage |
| DENDRITES | receive electrical impulses from other neurons |
| DESMOSOMES | cell junction composed of thickend plasma membranes joined by filaments |
| ENDOCRINE | ductless glands that empty products directly into the bloodstream |
| EXOCRINE | glands, with ducts, that carry products to a specific part of the body |
| EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX | ground substance and fibers found outside the connective tissue cells |
| FIBERS | provide suppport, three different types found in conncective tissue (reticular, collagen, elastic) |
| FIBRO - | prefix that has to do with connective tissue proper |
| GAP JUNCTIONS | passageway between two adjacent cells |
| GROUND SUBSTANCE | fills the space between fibers and cells; allows for diffusion of nutrients & waste |
| HEMATOPOIETIC | stem cells that will become blood cells |
| INNERVATION | supply of nerves to a body part |
| INTERCALATED DISCS | gaps connecting muscle cells out of the muscle lining of the heart (myocardium) |
| INVOLUNTARY | something that we do not consciously control (movement) |
| LONGEVITY | long lasting life |
| MACROPHAGES | these cells phagocytize a variety of materials; also known as "big eaters" |
| MAST CELLS | detect bacteria, fungi, and/or injuries and make inflammatory responses against them |
| MESENCHYME | the beginning tissue from which all connective tissues are derived |
| MICROVILLI | tiny projections which increase surface area to provide for absorption |
| MULTINUCLEATE | cell with more than one nucleus |
| MYOFILAMENTS | filaments found in muscles that bring about movement or contraction |
| OSTEO - | supports and provides levers for muscles and stores calcium |
| PROTEOGLYCANS | collects GAGs which trap water and form a semi-solid liquid or gel-like substance |
| SATELLITE CELLS | support, brace, and anchor neuron cell bodies in the PNS |
| SCHWANN CELLS | surround and insulate nerve fibers |
| SECRETION | the outward movement from a cell to the exterior |
| SIMPLE vs STRATIFIED | only one cell layer as opposed to two or more cell layers |
| STRIATIONS | alternating dark and light bands that are visible in certain muscle fibers |
| TIGHT JUNCTIONS | where plasma membranes of different cells are fused |
| UNINUCLEATE | cell with one nucleus |
| VASCULARITY | pertaining to the amount of blood vessels in tissue--a rich supply of blood vessels |
| VOLUNTARY | something that is controlled consciously (movement) |
Created by:
nstevens
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