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Skull, Face & Neck
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the top of the skull called? | Calvaria |
| What is the posterior side of the skull called? Base opening? Pointy process? | Occipital portion, Foramen magnum, Styloid process |
| Describe a newborn's skull | Babies are all calvaria |
| What is the front of the babies head called? | Viscerocranium because there are soft structures that this portion of the skull is surrounding |
| What type of ossification takes place in the neurocranium? | Intramembranous ossification |
| What is the top soft spot of the babies head called? | Fontanelles |
| Describe the occipital bone | Sweeps under the skull but does not go in. Lambdoid suture in the back. The bump on the back is called the external occipital proturbenance |
| Describe the temporal bone | Bump in back called mastoid process. Big muscle attached called sternocleidomastoid. The hole for ear=pinna. Stylomastoid foramen. Styloid process is part of temporal bone. |
| Name more parts of the temporal bone | Part of cheek bone, zygomatic process, superior and inferior temporal lines, temporal fossa. Temporalis muscle that is covered with temporalis fascia |
| What kind of muscles are in the infratemporal fossa? | Chewing muscles |
| What fissure is in the right orbit? | Superior orbital fissure and next to it is the optical canal. Inferior orbital fissure that doesn't go inside of skull but below into pteygopalatine |
| What bone is paper thin and often subject to injury? | Ethmoid bone |
| What depression is in the lacrimal bone? | A depression where the lacrimal sac and there will be an apparatus that removes tears from the eyes |
| Where does the pituitary gland sit? | On the turkish saddle located on the sphenoid bone |
| Name the scalene muscles and attachments | Visceral portion is movable. Musculoskeletal is not. |
| What is located in the visceral portion of the neck? | Common carotid artery, laryngeal prominence, thyroid gland, tracheal rings, some muscles for vocalization |
| What structures does the carotid sheath surround? | Internal jugular vein, common carotid artery and vagus nerve |
| Where do the following muscles attach: Anterior scalene, Posterior Scalene and Middle Scalene? | Anterior: 1st rib and anterior tubercle on the transverse process. Posterior: 2nd rib. Middle: Posterior tubercle and 1st rib |
| What do all of the scalene muscles make up? | Interscalene triangle |
| Name the anterior neck muscles | Platysma: Facial expression. Suprahyoid, Infrahyoid and Strap muscles |
| Name the strap muscles | Omahyoid: Superior and inferior belly. Sternohyoid: pulls hyoid down |
| What infrahyoid muscles are deep to the sternohyoid? | Sternothyroid and thyrohyoid |
| What muscle makes up the floor of the mouth? | Mylohyoid |
| What makes up the anterior triangle of the neck? | Mandible, anterior edge of sternocleidomastoid and midline going straight up |
| What makes up the posterior triangle of the neck? | Posterior of sternocleidomastoid, edge of trapezius and clavicle |
| What makes up the floor of the posterior triangle? Nerves? | Scalenes, splenius and levator scapulae muscle. Brachial plexus, hypoglossal, accessory and phrenic |
| Name the face muscles | Panniculus. Orbicularis oris: Around mouth. Contract=lips pucker. Orbicularis oculi: around eye. Levator labii superioris: upper lip. Risorius: grin. Depressor labii: lower lip |
| Name the glands and ducts on side of face | Parotid gland. Salivary gland. Parotid duct: Deliver saliva into mouth through cheek. Parotid gland grew at end of duct |
| Name the branches of the facial nerve | Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal, Cervical |
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