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Joints
Self study: joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the more protected a joint is, generally, the _______ mobile it is | less |
| hilton's law | the nerves supplying the muscles, which move the joint, and skin, which overlies the joint, also supply the joint itself |
| the vessels supplying and draining the region surrounding the joint also supply a nd drain the ______ | joint |
| these can move a joint, and also stabilize a joint | muscles |
| these are present to prevent motion. generally, they attach to two bony structures (unlike tendons which attach from a muscle to a bone or another tissue) | ligaments |
| they stabilize a joint and are the "last line of defense" to prevent traumatic motions | ligaments |
| these protects bones and stabilizes joints | cartilage |
| protect structures that move around a joint. they are named for their locations and/or what structures they protect | bursae |
| bony elements united by fibrous tissue | fibrous |
| bony elements united by a sheet of fibrous tissue. (example: radio-ulnar joint) | syndesmosis |
| peg like bony element stabilized by fibrous tissue (example: dento-alveolar joint) | Gomphosis |
| this type of joint is generally the least mobile joint | fibrous |
| these types of joints have bony elements united by cartilage | cartilinous |
| bony elements united by hyualine cartilage (also named a primary cartilaginous joint) example: developing long bone epiphysis | synchondrosis |
| bony elememts united by fibrous cartilage (also named a secondary cartilaginous joint--ex: intervertebral joint | symphysis |
| this is the most well known type of joint in which there is an articular cavity containing synovial fluid | synovial joint |
| in a synovial joint, this allows the articular surfaces of bones to glide smoothly and provides nourishment to the joint elements | synovial fluid |
| synovial joints are usually reinforced by... | ligaments |
| what are the six kinds of synovial joints | hinge (elbow), pivot (AO), saddle (pollex), condylar (MCP) plane (AC), ball and socket (coxofemoral) |
| name some upper limb joints | sternoclavicular, AC, Glenohumeral, elbow, radio-ulnar, radiocarpal, carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphaangeal |
| this joint is important because it is the ONLY bony attachment of the upper limb complex to the thorax. it is so strong tat it is more common to fracture the clavicle than to fracture this joint | sternoclavicular |
| name some shoulder joints | AC, glenohumeral, coracoacromial, scapuloclavicular |
| these attache the upper limb to the clavicle via the acromion and coracoid process | acromioclaviclar ligament, coracoclavicular ligament |
| this is a synovial ball and socket joint that is very mobile, unstable, and attaches at the shoulder | glenohumeral joint |
| this is a glenohumeral stabilizer that prevents superior movement. it limits abduction of the humerus unless the humerus is rotated laterally | coracoaromial arch |
| this is a glenohumeral stabilizer that attaches to the humerus and glenoid fossa, reinforced by the glenoid labrum and glenohumeral ligaments | capsule of the glenohumeral joint |
| this is a glenohumeral stabilizer that are muscles that stabilize the humeral head and keep it from slipping anteriorly or posteriorly | rotator cuff muscles |
| this muscle travels through the glenoid capsule on its path to attach on the supraglenoid tubercle | tendon of the long head of biceps brachii muscle |
| the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle i sheld in place by this ligament. if this ligament ruptures, the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii can become displaced | transverse humeral ligament |
| this structure facilitates movement of deltoid and supraspinatus muscles | subacromial bursa |
| this synovial joint is composed of multiple bony articulations | elbow |
| ligaments of the elbow are... | ulnar collateral lig, radial collateral lig. |
| these bursa of hte elbow protect the triceps brachii and the olecranon process. they can become inflamed due to repetitive use, acute injury, etc. | olecranon bursae |
| these elbow joints allow supination and pronation | radio ulnar joints |
| the proximal radio ulnar joint is stabilized by this ligament, which keeps the radial head in place as it rotates during supination/pronation | anular ligament |
| how do the radius and ulna move in relation to each other | the ulna is relatively fixed and the radius moves around it |
| this part of hte distal radioulnar joint unites the radius and ulna | articular disc |
| the wrist joint is reinforced by these anteriorly and posteriorly | radiocarpal ligaments |
| the wrist joint articulates with these carpal bones | scaphoid, lunate, articular disc, triquietrum |
| the wrist joint is stabilized by these | radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and a variety of fibrous ligaments |
| this structure of the thumb allows biaxial movement and circumduction all to about the same degree | saddle shaped joint |
| metacarpophalangeal joints are this shape, permitting movement in two planes: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction | condylar |
| the ligaments restrict abduciton at the MCP joints | medial and lateral collateral ligaments |
| these joints in the fingers are hinge joints, permitting flexion and extension. | IP joints |
| the IP joints are stabilized by these ligaments, which further restrict other motions outside of flexion and extension | medial and lateral collateral ligaments |
| the hip is this type of joint permitting all movements | synovial ball and socket joint |
| the articular surface of the head of femur articulates with this bony structure | lunate surface of the acetabulum |
| within the joint capsule, this ligament transmits an artery to the femoral head. this ligament is not structural and arises from the acetabular notch | ligament of the head of the femur |
| the acetabulum is surrounded by this fibrocartilage which increases the depth of the socket, stabilizing the femoral head in the acetabulum | acetabular labrum |
| this is one of the most commonly injured joints and is synovial | knee |
| this muscle stabilizes the knee anteriorly | quadriceps muscle, patellar ligament |
| this muscle stabilizes the knee medially | sartorius, gracillis |
| this muscle stabilizes the knee laterally | tensor fascia lata |
| this muscle stabilizes the knee posteriorly | semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, popliteus |
| ligaments that stabilize the knee | ACL, PCL, medial collateral, lateral collateral, patellar |
| these ligaments limit medial and lateral motion of the knee | medial and lateral collateral ligaments |
| these cushion otion antero-posteriorly and medio-laterally. they also form a wedge anteriorly and posteriorly to prevent the tibia from translating relative to the femur. | menisci |
| these knee ligaments limit antero-posterior translation of the tibia on femur | ACL and PCL |
| this ligament of the knee limits anterior translation of the tibia | ACL |
| this ligament limits posterior translation of the tibia | PCL |
| this ligament attaches between the patella and tibial tuberosity. it stabilizes the patella. | patellar ligament |
| these bursa are around the knee for protection | prepatellar, infrapatellar, suprapatellar, popliteus, anserine, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius |
| these are tibiofibular joints | proximal tibiofibular joint, tibiofibular syndesmosis |
| the tibiofibular syndesmosis is strengthened by these | interoseous ligament, tibiofibular ligament |
| this ligament in the ankle is a strong fan of connective tissue that connects the medial malleolus to the tarsal bones. | deltoid ligament |
| these are the lateral ankle ligaments that connect the lateral malleolus to the tarsal bones. they are named for the bones which they connect | anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular |
| these are plantar ligaments that support longitudinal arches of the foot | long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, calcaneonavicular ligament |
Created by:
aferdo01
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