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Skeletal System 1
Skeletal System-Bones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bones | Calcified Connective Tissue Cells (osteocytes) in a matrix of ground substances and collagen fibers Reservoir for Calcium and Phosphorus Act as levelers on which muscles act to produce movement permitted by joints Contain marrow |
| Bones classification | According to shape:long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid According to developmental history: endochondral and membranous |
| Bone marrow | internal soft tissue where blood cells are formed |
| Long Bones | Develop by Endochondral Ossification (replacement of hyaline cartilage plate) Parts: Diaphysis (shaft), Epiphyses (2 ends)& Metaphysis (part where diaphysis is adjacent to the epuphyses) |
| Long Bones Examples | humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, & phalanges |
| Diaphysis (Long Bones) | shaft (central region) Composed of thick tube of compact bone enclosing marrow cavity |
| Metaphysis (Long Bones) | part of diaphysis Growth zone between diaphysis and epiphyses during bone development |
| Epiphyses (Long Bones) | Expanded articular ends Composed of Spongy bone and surrounded by thin layer of Compact bone |
| Short Bones | Composed of Spongy bone and Marrow Surrounded by thin outer layer of Compact bone |
| Sort Bones Examples | Carpal & Tarsal bones (Cuboid Shaped) |
| Flat Bones | Two layers of Compact bone enclosing Spongy bone and Marrow space Have articular surface covered with Fibrocartilage Grow by replacement of Connective Tissue |
| Flat Bones Examples | Ribs, Sternum, Scapulae, Vault of Skull Bones |
| Irregular Bones | Mostly Spongy bone enveloped by thin layer of Compact bone |
| Irregular Bones Examples | Bones of mixed shapes ex. bones of skull, vertebrae and coxa |
| Sasamoid Bones | Develop in certain tendons and reduce friction on the tendon (protect from excessive wear) |
| Sesamoid Bones Examples | Found where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the limbs, as the wrist and knee (ex. patella) |
| OSTEOBLAST | Synthesizes new bob |
| OSTEOCLAST | Resorption= break down bone matrix and release calcium and minerals Remodeling of bone |
| PARATHYROID HORMONE | mobilization of calcium by promoting bone resorption |
| CALCITONIN | suppresses mobilization of calcium from bone |
| OSTEOID | organic matrix of bone prior calcification |
| OSTEOMALACIA | gradual softening of the bone due to failure of bone to calcify due to lack of Vit. D or renal tubular dysfunction |
| OSTEOPENIA | decreased calcification of bone or reduced bone mass due to inadequate osteoid synthesis |
| OSTEOPOROSIS | age-related disorder decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures of the hip, vertebra, and wrist Bone resorption outpaces bone formation Signs: vertebral compression, loss of body height, development of kyphosis, & hip fracture |
| OSTEOPETROSIS | abnormally dense bone, obliterating the marrow cavity Due to defective resportion of immature bone |
Created by:
mmarino001
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