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Chapter 16
Anatomy - - The Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The organs of the respiratory system perform what two basic functions? | Air Distributor and gas exchanger for the body. |
| Respiration is an important ________________. | Homeostatic mechanism |
| What does the respiratory system do to the air we breath? | filters, warms, and humidifies |
| Our sense of smell is called? | Olfaction |
| Respiratory organs include the _____________. | Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
| The tiny very thin-walled sacs in the lungs are called? | Alveoli |
| Respiratory system is divided into how many tracts, and name them. | Two, Upper and lower tracts. |
| Upper respiratory tract is composed of? | Nose, pharynx and larynx |
| Lower respiratory tract is composed of? | trachea, all segments of the bronchial tree, and the lungs. |
| The membrane that lines most of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory system is called? | Respiratory mucosa |
| The __________________ separates the air in the alveoli from the blood in surrounding capillaries. | Respiratory membrane |
| Air enters through the external nostrils also called? | Nares |
| After air flows through the nares it then flows through. | The right and left nasal cavaties. |
| The partition that separates the nasal cavity is called> | The nasal septum |
| These are painless, noncancerous tissue growth in the nasal mucosa | Nasal polyps |
| What are the names of the four paranasal sinuses | Frontal, maxillary sphenoidal, and ethmoidal. |
| Sinus infections are called | Sinusitis |
| Three shelflike structures protruding into the nasal cavity are called? | Conchae or turbinates (as air moves over the conchae is is warmed and humidified) |
| The throat is also called the | Pharynx |
| The upper part just behind the nasal cavities is called the ___________ | nasopharynx |
| The portion behind the mouth is called the _____________. | Oropharynx |
| The lower segment of the pharynx is called the _________. | Laryngopharynx |
| These connect the middle ears with the nasopharynx. | Auditory tubes or Eustachian tubes |
| Masses of lymphatic tissue embedded in the mucous membrand of the pharynx is called the __________. | Tonsils |
| Name the three tonsils located in our mouth | Palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), and lingual tonsils |
| An infection with inflammation of the tonsils is called. | Tonsillitis |
| Surgical removal of your tonsils is called | A tonsillectomy |
| What is another name for our voice box? | The larynx |
| The largest cartilage of the larynx is called the _______________ | Thyroid cartilage or "Adam's Apple" |
| Thow short bigrous bands that stretch across the interior of the larynx. | Vocal cords. |
| The space between the vocal cords is called the. | glottis |
| Another piece of cartilage that partially covers the opening of the larynx. | Epiglottis |
| Any infection of the upper respiratory tract is called | An upper respiratory infection (URI) |
| Inflammation and swelling of the nasal mucosa is called | Rhinitis or common cold |
| Inflammation or infection of the pharynx is called. | Pharyngitis |
| Inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx | Laryngitis |
| Life threatening condition caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) infection | Epiglottitis |
| Non-life threatening type of laryngitis seen in children younger than 3 years of age. | Croup |
| Condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity | Deviated septum |
| A nose bleed is also called. | Epistaxis |
| The windpipe is also called | The trachea and extends from the larynx in the neck to the bronchi in the chest cavity |
| The trachea framework consist of | 15 to 20 C-shaped noncollapsible rings of cartilage |
| The Trachea's primary bronci are called | The right and left bronchi's |
| Primary bronchi's branch out into smaller _______________ | Secondary bronchi |
| Small passageways in the bronchi are called? | Bronchioles |
| Bronchioles subdivide into misroscopic tubes called ______________ | Alveolar ducts |
| Each Alveolar duct ends in several _____________ | Alveolar sacs |
| Each alveolar sac is made up of numerous _____________ that resemble grapes. | Alveoli |
| The surface of the respiratory membrand inside the alveolus is covered by a substance called _____________________ and keeps them from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration | Surfactant |
| Condition caused by the absence or impairment of the surfactant in the fluid that lines the alveoli | Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) |
| A life-threatening condition that often effects prematurely born infants because of the lack of surfactant is called? | Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) |
| Condition in adults caused by impairment or remocal of surfactant in the alveoli. | Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
| How many lobes do the lunds have? | Left lung has 3, right lung has 2 |
| this covers the outer surface of the lunds and lines the inner surface of the rib cage. | Pleura |
| This is an inflammation fo the parietal pleura. | Pleurisy |
| Incomplete expansion or collapse of the lung is called. | Atelectasis |
| Air is the thorax is also known as. | Pneumothorax |
| This is the presence of blood in the pleural space | Homothorax |
| Exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment. | Respiration |
| Process ov moving air into and out of the lungs | Pulmonary ventilation |
| Exchange of gases between air in the lungs and in the blood is called | External respiration |
| Exchange of gases occuring between the blood and the cells is called | Internal respiration |
| Oxygen used by cells in the process of metabolism is called. | Celluar respiration |
| Name the two phases of breathing. | Inspiration or inhalation and expiration or exhalation |
| Muscles that increase the volume of the thorax are called | Inspiratory muscles - these include the diaphragm and the external intercostals |
| What muscles contract when we need more forcefull expiration? | Expiratory Muscles - when contracted the internal intercostal muscles pull the rib cage inward |
| Exchange of gases that occurs between blood in tissue capillaries and the body cells is called. | Internal respiration |
| This device is used to easure the amount of air exchanged in breathing | Spirometer |
| Each normal inspiration and each normal expiration is called. | Tidal volumef(TV) |
| The larges amount we breath out in one expiration is known as. | Vital capacity (VC) |
| The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled AFTER expiring the tidal volume is called | Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
| The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above normal inspiration | Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) |
| The air that remains in the lungs after the most forecul expiration is called. | Residual volume (RV) |
| How many breaths do we normally taken when at rest and not moving in a minute? | 12 to 20 |
| What can influence respiration by sending nerve signals that affect the function of the respiratory centers of the brainstem? | Cerebral cortex |
| What are the sensory receptors called that are sensitive to increase in blood carbon dioxide level and decreases in blood oxygen levels? | Chemoreceptors |
| Where are chemoreceptors located? | In the carotid and aortic bodies. |
| This refers to a normal respiratory rate. | Eupnea |
| This is very rapid and deep respirations | Hypercentilation |
| This is very slow and shallow respirations | Hypoventilation |
| This is labored or difficult breathing | Dyspnea |
| Dyspnea that is relieved by moving into an upright or sitting position is called. | Orthopnea |
| This is breathing stopped for a period of time regardless of cause. | Apnea |
| Cycles of alternating apnea and hyperventilation are called? | Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) |
| Failure to resume breathing is called. | Respiratory arrest |
| Acute inflammation of the bronchi | bronchitis |
| acute inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchi become plugged with thick fluid | Pneumonia |
| Chronic bacillus infection and his highly contagious | Tuberculosis (TB) |
| This involves restriction of the alveoli | Restrictive pulmonary disorders |
| This is the progressive irreversible obstruction of expiratory air flow. | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| Chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles | Chronic bronchitis |
| Air becomes trapped within alveoli and causes them to enlarge. | Emphysema |
| Recurring spasms of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchial air passages. | Asthma |
| Surgical procedure where only the affected love of lung is removed | Lobectomy |
| Surgical procedure where the entire lung is removed | Pneumonectomy |
Created by:
stainedglassmiss
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