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Vascular System
Chapter 15 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carries blood AWAY from the heart | Arteries |
| Carries blood TOWARDS the heart | Veins |
| Connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins | Capillaries |
| results from the pressure of blood against a weakened area in the wall of an artery. | Aneurysm |
| Veins are sometimes called _________ vessels because of their capacity for storing blood. | Capacitance |
| Results when fluid filters out the capillaries faster then it's absorbed and accumulates in the tissues. | Edema |
| the most important mechanism of capillary exchange. | Diffusion |
| the circulatory system that begins at the left ventricle and involves the circulation of blood though the body. | Systemic |
| the circulatory system that begins at the right ventricle and involves the circulation of blood through the lungs. | Pulmonary |
| unique capillary found in the liver and bone marrow that allows for passage of large substances, such as proteins. | Sinusoid |
| where nutrients, waste, and hormones are transferred between the blood and tissues. | Capillaries |
| Capillaries are called the ________ vessels of the circulatory system. | Exchange |
| They are also called Resistance Vessels. | Arterioles |
| connected to capillaries by short connecting vessels called metarterioles. | Arterioles |
| these arteries carry blood further away from the heart to specific organs and areas of the body. | Distributing Arteries |
| Also know as Muscular arteries. | Distributing Arteries |
| These arteries are smaller in diameter then elastic arteries | Distributing Arteries |
| The body's largest arteries | Conducting Arteries |
| these arteries expand as blood surges into them and recoils when the ventricles relax. | Conducting Arteries |
| they are also known as elastic arteries. | Conducting Arteries |
| the walls of both arteries and veins. | Tunics |
| the innermost layer, is exposed to the blood. | Tunic intima |
| it consists of a simple squamous epithelium called endothelium. | Tunic intima |
| its smooth surface keeps blood flowing freely, without sticking to the vessel wall. | Tunic intima |
| this layer also produces chemicals that causes the blood vessels to dilate or constrict. | Tunic intima |
| known as the middle layer and is the thickest layer. | Tunic Media |
| composed with smooth muscle and elastic tissue, it allows the blood to change diameter | Tunic Media |
| the smooth muscle in this layer is innervated by the autonomic nervous system. | Tunic Media |
| known as the outer layer | Tunic Externa |
| this layer is made of strong, flexible, fibrous connective tissue. | Tunic Externa |
| this layer supports and protects the blood vessel. | Tunic Externa |
| in veins this is the thickest of the three layers | Tunic Externa |
| in arteries, it's usually a little thinner then the middle layer. | Tunic Externa |
| result from a congenital weakness of the vessel wall, trauma, or bacterial infection. | Aneurysm |
| these are the smallest veins and collect blood from capillaries. | Venules |
| have very thin walls, consisting of little more then a few endothelial cells. | Venules |
| they are porous and can exchange fluid with surrounding tissue. | Venules |
| formed by the convergence venules on their route toward the heart. | Medium-sized veins |
| these veins have a thinker, more elastic walls. | Medium-sized veins |
| these veins contain one-way valves. | Medium-sized veins |
| formed from the thin endothelium lining, this veins valves keep blood moving toward the heart and prevent backflow. | Medium-sized veins |
| veins in the legs, which must fight the forces of gravity as they transport blood to the heart. | Medium-sized veins |
| this vein contains the most valves | Medium-sized veins |
| formed by medium-sized veins converge | Large veins |
| these veins have a think tunic externa | Large veins |
| these vessels are composed of only an endothelium and basement membrane. | Capillaries |
| have extremely thin walls through which substances can filter. | Capillaries |
| have very small diameters, barely wide enough for red blood cells to pass. | Capillaries |
| Capillaries are organized into networks called | Capillary beds |
| Capillaries form what is called the ___________. | Microcirculation |
| they are the beginning of each capillary bed and regulates the flow of blood into the network. | Precapillary sphincter |
| a mechanism use by capillaries to release chemicals, including oxygen, glucose, hormones, and nutrients that will be used by surrounding tissues. | Diffusion |
| A mechanism use by capillaries to tale up waste, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia. | Filtration |
| The mechanism used to take up substances that need to be transported to other parts of the body. these include glucose, calcium, antibodies, and hormones. | Filtration |
| the mechanism where water moves in and out of capillaries | Osmosis |
| Diffusion is based on | Concentration |
| Filtration is based on | Pressure |
| Osmosis is based on concentration BUT though a ____________ membrane (the endothelium) | Selectivity Permeable |
| A system of vessels in which blood passes though a capillary network, a large vessel, and then another capillary network before returning to the systematic circulation. | Portal System |
| A natural connection between two vessels | Anastomosis |
| The mechanism that occurs on the arterial side of the capillary bed | Filtration |
| the mechanism that occurs on the Venous side of the capillary bed | Osmosis |
| Provide an alternate route of blood in case a vessel becomes obstructed | Anastomosis |
| The body contains how may major pathways of circulation ? | two |
| Pathway of circulation that begins at the right ventricle and involves the circulation blood through the lungs. | Pulmonary Circulation |
| the pathway of Circulation that begins at the left ventricle and involves circulation of blood through the body. | Systemic Circulation |
| Routes blood to and from the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen | Pulmonary Circulation |
| the pathway of circulation that supplies oxygen and nutrients to organs and removes waste | Systemic Circulation |
| Pulmonary circulation starts at the | Right Ventricle |
| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood from the right ventricle travels to the | Pulmonary Trunk |
| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood from the Pulmonary Trunk travels to the | Left & Right Pulmonary Arteries |
| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood from the Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries Travels to the | Lungs |
| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood From the Lungs travels to the | Right & Left Pulmonary Veins |
| In Pulmonary Circulation: Blood from the Right and left Pulmonary veins travel to the | Left Atrium |
| Pulmonary Arteries carry what kind of blood? | Deoxygenated |
| Pulmonary Veins Carry what kind of Blood? | Oxygenated |
| Pulmonary Circulation is the opposite of what Pathway of circulation? | Systemic Circulation |
| Systemic Circulation is the opposite of what pathway of circulation? | Pulmonary Circulation |
| Systemic Circulation begins in the | Left Ventricle |
| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Left ventricle travels to the | Aorta |
| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Aorta travels to the | Arteries |
| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Arteries travel to the | Arterioles |
| In Systemic Circulation: Blood form the Arterioles travel to the | Capillaries |
| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Capillaries travels to the | Veins |
| In Systemic Circulation: Blood from the Veins travels to the | Superior Vena Cava |
| In Systemic Circulation: Blood From the Superior Vena Cava travels to the | Right Atrium |
| The first Artery leave the heart is the | Aorta |
| the left and right coronary arteries branch off of the __________ aorta to supply blood to the myocardium. | Ascending |
| Curves over the heart and turns downward behind the heart, making a inverted "U" shape. | Aortic Arch |
| though its branches, it supplies blood to the head and the right arm. | Brachiocephalic Artery |
| These Arteries extends into the neck | Common Carotid Arteries |
| This Artery supply blood to the left shoulder and upper arm | Left Subclavian Artery |
| The _________ Aorta travels downward dorsal to the heart though the thoracic and abdominal cavities | Descending |
| these Arteries supply blood to the lower pelvis and the leg | Common iliac Arteries |
| The_______ Aorta and it branches, supply the chest wall and organs within the thoracic cavity | Thoracic |
| ______ trunk, divides in the gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the hepatic artery. | Celiac |
| The artery that supplies the stomach | Gastric |
| The artery that supplies the Spleen | Splenic |
| the Artery that supplies the Liver | Hepatic |
| the artery that supplies the kidneys | Renal |
| _________ mesenteric Artery, supplies most of the small intestine and part of the colon | Superior |
| _________ mesenteric artery, supplies most of the colon and large intestine | Inferior |
| this artery Supplies blood to the arm | Subclavian |
| the artery that is the continuation of the subclavian artery in the axillary region | Axillary |
| the artery that is the continuation of the axillary artery and the artery most used for routine blood pressure measurement | Brachial |
| the artery that is often palpated to measure a pulse | Radial |
| the arteries that supply the pelvic organs, thighs, and lower extremities | Common Iliac arteries |
| Circle of arteries at the base of the brain | Circle of Willis |
| The _______ jugular vein drains most the blood from the brain. | Internal |
| this vein, at its distal end, is a frequent site for the administration of intravenous fluids | Cephalic Vein |
| the vein that is the most common site for drawing blood | Median Cubital |
| this vein runs behind the knee. | Popliteal |
| this vein drains the liver. | Hepatic |
| this vein is the longest vein in the body | Great Saphenous Vein |
| theses veins, reside near the body's surface, such as veins in the back of the hand | Superficial Veins |
| veins that lie deep, well=protected areas, often alongside bones and their corresponding artery. | Deep Veins |
| the difference in pressure between two structures | Pressure Gradient |
| As the left ventricle contracts, it ejects blood into the aorta, producing a typical, normal pressure of 110mm Hg. | Systolic Pressure |
| When a ventricle Relaxes, the pressure drops to an average of 70mm Hg | Diastolic Pressure |
| Blood pressure consistently higher then 140mm Hg Systolic, over 90mm Hg Diastolic | Hypertension |
| The force the blood exerts against the walls of vessels. | Blood Pressure |
| Measured in mmHg | Blood Pressure |
| Blood Pressure in the pulmonary circulation | Pulmonary BP |
| Blood pressure in the systemic circulation | Systemic BP |
| pressure when the left ventricle contracts. usually 90-120mm Hg | Systolic |
| Pressure when the left ventricle contracts. usually 60-80mm Hg | Diastolic |
| Secreted by the adrenal medulla when the body is under stress | Epinephrine and Norepinphrine |
| Secreted by the adrenal medulla when blood pressure falls | Aldosterone |
| Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland when the water content of the body falls | ADH |
| released by the heart's atria when elevated blood pressure stretches the walls of the heart | ANP |
| The Vasomotor Center is in the | Medulla |
| Vasoconstrictor area sends signals to the__________ nervous system | Sympathetic |
| Vasodilator area sends signals to the __________ Nervous system | Parasympathetic |
| the reduction in the diameter of a vessel | Vasoconstriction |
| increase in the diameter of a vessel | Vasodilation |
| the body's chief vein, which serves to return blood to the heart | Vena Cava |
| Resistance to blood flow resulting from friction of blood against the walls e vessels | Peripheral resistance |
| the area in the medulla of the brain that send impulses to alter blood vessel diameter and therefore blood pressure | Vasomotor Center |
| Muscles that surround the leg Veins and aid in venous return | Skeletal Muscle Pump |
| the process of breathing, also promotes the flow of venous blood in the thoracic and abdominal cavities | Respiratory Pump |
| Stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium | Aldosterone |
| Promotes Vasoconstriction and water retention | ADH |
| stimulates the kidneys to excrete sodium, reducing blood volume | ANP |
Created by:
Leci81
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