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Main Chp. 1
Chp. 1
| Front | back |
|---|---|
| Physiology | study of function |
| developmental anatomy | embryology (changes from conception to physical maturity) |
| gross anatomy | large structures (cadaver/ thorax and abdomen) |
| microscopic anatomy | (can't be seen without microscope) histology- study of tissues |
| regional anatomy | study of specific region (i.e. upper limb) |
| surface anatomy | study of general form, morphology. under human surface (bones, muscles, etc) |
| systemic anatomy | study of major organ systems (skeletal..) |
| organism | responsiveness, growth diff., reproduction, movement, metabolism & excretion |
| catabolism | breakdown of complex chemicals |
| anabolism | synthesis of simple to complex |
| metabolism | all chemical operations under way in the body |
| differentiation | multicellular organisms, the individual cells become specialized to perform particular functions |
| Integumentary System | Protection from environmental hazards; temperature control |
| Skeletal System | Support, protection of soft tissues; mineral storage; blood formation |
| Muscular system | Locomotion, support, heat production |
| Nervous system | Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems |
| Endocrine system | Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems |
| Cardiovascular system | Internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases |
| inferior | below, at lower level, (toward the feet) |
| medial | toward mid-line (longitudal axis of body) |
| lateral | away from mid-line (longitudal axis) |
| proximal | toward an attached base |
| distal | away from attached base (center of body) |
| superficial | at, near, or close to body surface |
| deep | toward the interior of the body; farther away from the surface |
| transverse, horizontal, cross-sectional | (perpedincular to long axis) seperates superior and inferior portions of the body; sections typically pass through head and trunk regions |
| sagittal | (parallel to long axis) seperates the right and left portions |
| midsagittal | the plane passes through the midline, dividing the body in half and seperating right and left sides |
| parasagittal | (parallel to long axis) misses the midline, seperating left and right sides unequally |
| frontal/coronal | (parallel to long axis) seperates the anterior and posterior portions of the body; usually coronal refers to passing through skull |
| cephalon | area of head |
| cervicis | area of neck |
| thoracis/thorax | chest |
| Brachium | the segment of the upper limb closest to the trunk; the arm |
| antebrachium | the forearm |
| carpus | the wrist |
| manus | the hand |
| abdomen | the abdomen |
| pelvis | the pelvis (in general) |
| pubis | the anterior pelvis |
| inguen | the groin (crease between thigh and trunk) |
| lumbus | the lower back |
| gluteus | the buttock |
| femur | the thigh |
| patella | the kneecap |
| crus | the leg, from knee to ankle |
| sura | the calf |
| tarsus | the ankle |
| pes | the foot |
| planta | plantar region of foot |
| olecranon | back of elbow |
| dorsum | back/ dorsal |
| shoulder | acromial |
| facies | face |
| cranium | skull |
| frons | forehead |
| oculus | eye |
| auris | ear |
| bucca | cheek |
| nasus | nose |
| mamma | breast (mammary) |
| umbilicus | navel |
| femur | thigh |
| hallux | great toe |
| digits(phalanges) | toes or fingers |
| pollex | thumb |
| palma | palm |
| antecubitis | front of elbow |
| axilla | armpit |
| mentis | chin |
| oris | mouth |
| trunk | thoracis, mamma, abdomen, umbilicus, pelvis |
| upper limb | axilla, brachium, antebrachium, antecubitis, carpus, palma, pollx, digits, manus, shoulder |
| lower limb | glutteus, popliteus, sura, calcaneu, planta, crus, tarsus, digits, pes, hallux, patella, femur, pubis, gluteus |
| right upper quadrant | liver, gall bladder, large intestine |
| left upper quadrant | stomach, spleen |
| right lower quadrant | small intestine, vermiform appendix |
| left lower quadrant | urinary bladder |
| body cavities | internal chambers where most organs are suspended Protects delicate organs from accidental shocks & cushions them from thumps/bumps from excercise & exertion. |
| cranial cavity | fluid-filled space whose limits are established by the cranium the bones of the skull that surround the brain |
| spinal cavity | surrounds the spinal cord; is formed by the processes of spinal vertebrae. |
| ventral body cavity | contains organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. b/c project party into ventral body cavity, can significantly change size & shape of organs w/o distorting surrounding tissues or other activities. |
| thoracic cavity | superior body cavity seperated from ventral cavity by the diaphragm.surrounded by chest wall includes lungs and heart, associated organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and lymphatic systems, as well as the thymus & inferior portions of the esophagus |
| pleural cavities of thoracic | thoracic cavity is subdivided by mediastinum into the left and right pleural cavities; each contain a lung |
| mediastinum | seperates the left and right pleural cavities. its connective tissues surrounds and supports the esophagus, trachea, and thymus and major blood vessels at heart. |
| pericardial cavity | a small chamber that surrounds the heart- contained in the mediastinum |
| pericardium | serous membrane covering the heart |
| abdominopelvic cavity | is the inferior cavity seperated by the diaphragm in the ventral body cavity. it is divided into a superior abdominal cavity and inferior pelvic cavity. contains the peritoneal cavity. |
| peritoneal cavity | internal chamber lined by serous membrane known as the peritoneum |
| abdominal cavity | contains the liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, and small intestine, and most of large intestine. project partially into the peritoneal cavity (like heart and lungs project into pericardial and pleural cavities) |
| pelvic cavity | enclosed by bones of pelvis, contains last segments of large intestine, urinary bladder, and various reproductive organs. |
| diaphragm | flat muscular sheet, seperates the ventral body cavity into superior (thoracic cavity), enclosed by chest wall, and inferior (abdominopelvic cavity) enclosed by abdominal wall and pelvis. |
| viscera | The internal organs that project into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. |
Created by:
afogel
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