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Reproductive System
Chapter 22 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary sex organs are called | Gonads |
| gonads in males include what | Testes |
| Gonads in Females include what | Ovaries |
| Gonads produce sex cells called | Gametes |
| Gametes in in males produce what | Sperm |
| Gametes in females produce what | Eggs (ova) |
| extending from the abdomen to each testicle is a strand of connective tissue and muscle called the | Spermatic Cord |
| it contains the sperm duct, Blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves | Spermatic Cord |
| the Sperm duct in the Spermatic Cord | Vas Deference |
| two small oval _____ lie surrounded in a sac of tissue called the Scrotum | Testes |
| the Sac holding the testes is called | Scrotum |
| divides the scrotum, isolating each testicle | Median Septum |
| this helps prevent any infection from spreading from one testes to the other | Median Septum |
| Surrounds the spermatic cord | Cremaster Muscle |
| in cold weather, it contracts to draw the testes closer to the body for warmth | Cremaster Muscle |
| the testes contain a vast length of tubules and a series of _________ ducts | Spermatic |
| Fibrous tissue separates each testis into over 200 _______ | Lobules |
| Coiled within each lobule are one to three ___________ tubules | Seminiferous |
| tiny ducts in which sperm are produced | Seminiferous |
| Seminiferous tubules contain ________ in each layer in the process of becoming sperm | Germ cells |
| A cell that gives rise to gametes | Germ cells |
| Also contained in the wall of tubule are cylindrical cells called | Sertoli Cells |
| these cells promote the development of sperm by supplying nutrients, removing waste and secreting a the hormone inhibin | Sertoli Cells |
| Sertoli Cells secrets what hormone | Inhibin |
| plays a role in the maturation and release of sperm | Inhibin |
| lying between the seminiferous tubules are clusters of | Interstitial Cells |
| Also called Leydig Cells | Interstitial Cells |
| Produce Testosterone | Interstitial Cells |
| A network of vessels that lead away from the seminiferous tubules | Rete Testis |
| these vessels provide a location in which sperm partially matures | Rete Testis |
| Conduct immature sperm away from the testis to the epididymis | Efferent Ductules |
| Sperm passes into the _________, which is attached to the posterior side of the testis | Epididymis |
| Sperm moves from the head of the _______ to the tail, maturing as they go | Epididymis |
| Sperm is stored in the tail of the ________, Where they remain fertile for 40 to 60 days | Epididymis |
| The aging of sperm disintegrate and are reabsorbed by the | Epididymis |
| Sperm leaves the tail of the epididymis and pass into the | Vas deferens |
| Travels up the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal, and into the pelvic cavity | Vas deferens |
| it loops over the ureter and descends along the posterior bladder wall. | Vas deferens |
| As the Vas deferens turns downward , it widens into a ampulla and ends by joining the _________ to form the ejaculatory duct | Seminal Vesicle |
| they pass though the prostate empty into the urethra | Ejaculatory Ducts |
| Located in the base of the bladder, a pair of _________ secretes a thick, yellowish fluid into the ejaculatory duct. | Seminal Vesicles |
| the fluid that comprises about 60% of semen | Seminal Vesicles |
| Contains Fructose as well as other substances that nourish and ensure sperm motility | Seminal Vesicles |
| n energy source for sperm for sperm motility | Fructose |
| Sits just below the bladder, where it encircles both urethra and ejaculatory duct | Prostate Gland |
| it secrete a thin, milky fluid into the urethra | Prostate Gland |
| it comprises about 30% of the fluid portion of semen | Prostate Gland |
| adds volume to semen | Prostate Gland |
| Two Pea-shaped __________ secrete a clear fluid into the penile portion of the urethra during sexual arousal | Bulbourethral Glands |
| Also called Cowper's Glands | Bulbourethral Glands |
| Servers as a lubricant for sexual intercourse | Bulbourethral Glands |
| the fluid that neutralizes the acidity of residual urine in the urethra, which would harm sperm | Bulbourethral Glands |
| The body of the penis is called the | Shaft |
| the slightly bulging head of the penis is called (nobody uses this term but its what the head is called...) | Glans Penis |
| The loose skin covering the penis continues over the glans to form a cuff | Prepuce |
| The Foreskin of the penis | Prepuce |
| Sebaceous glands in the prepuce and foreskin secrete a waxy substance called | Smegma |
| the two larger cylinders of tissue in the penis is called | Corpus Cavernosa |
| the smaller cylinder of tissue in the penis that encircles the urethra | Corpus Spongiosum |
| the first hormone secreted at the onset of puberty in both males and females | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) |
| prompts the interstitial cells to begin secreting testosterone | Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| is also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) | Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| primes the spermatogenic cells to respond to testosterone, and sperm production begins | Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| the development of gametes involves a process called | Meiosis |
| Sperm formation | Spermatogenesis |
| begins when a male reaches puberty and usually continues throughout life | Spermatogenesis |
| primitive sex cells with 46 chromosomes located in the walls of the seminiferous tubules | Spermatogonia |
| divided by mitosis to produce two daughter cells, each with 46 chromosomes | Spermatogonia |
| Spermatogonia differentiate into slightly larger cells called | Primary Spermatocytes |
| move towards the lumen of the seminiferous tubule | Primary Spermatocytes |
| through meiosis, the primary spermatocytes yields two genetically unique ____________, each 23 chromosomes | Secondary Spermatocytes |
| Each secondary spermatocytes divides again to form two ____________ | Spermatids |
| spermatids differentiate to form heads and tails and eventually transform into mature ________, each with 23 chromosomes | Spermatozoa |
| the ____ of the sperm contains a nucleus, which is packed with genetic material | Head |
| topping the head of the sperm is a cap call an | Acrosome |
| contains enzymes that help sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization | Acrosome |
| Contains numerous mitochondria that supply the sperm with the energy it need to migrate up the female reproductive tract | Middle Piece |
| is a flagellum whose beating, whip like movements propel the sperm forward | Tail |
| Emitted during the ejaculation that accompanies orgasm | Semen |
| whitish fluid containing both sperm and fluid secretions of the accessory glands | Semen |
| Contains between 40 and 100 million sperm | Semen |
| An immature egg is called an | Oocyte |
| A mature follicle of the ovary Is called | Graafian Follicle |
| Oocyte and surrounding follicular cells | Ovarian Follicle |
| Process whereby a mature ovum is formed | Oogenesis |
| The tubes extending from near the ovary to the uterus | Fallopian tubes |
| cells surrounding the oocyte | Follicular cells |
| A muscular chamber that houses and nurtures a growing embryo | Uterus |
| the portion of the fallopian tube closest to the uterus | Isthmus |
| the middle portion of the fallopian tube and is the usual site of egg fertilization | Ampulla |
| the distal funnel-shaped end of the fallopian tube is called the | Infundibulum |
| finger like projections connected to the fallopian tube that fans over the ovary | Fimbriae |
| the curved upper portion of the uterus is called the | Fundus |
| the upper two corners of the uterus that connect with the fallopian tubes | Fundus |
| the central region of the uterus is the | Body |
| the inferior end of the uterus is called the | Cervix |
| A passageway through the cervix called the ________, links the uterus to the vagina | Cervical canal |
| the vagina extends slightly beyond the cervix, creating pockets called | Fornices |
| Serves as a receptacle for the penis and sperm, a route for discharge of menstrual blood, and the passageway for the birth of a baby | Vagina |
| the lower end of the vagina contains ridges called | Vaginal rugae |
| A fold of mucus membrane the partially covers the entrance to the vagina | Hymen |
| the outer layer of the uterus that is serous membrane | Perimetrium |
| A thick middle layer of the uterus that consists of smooth muscle that contracts during labor to expel the fetus from the uterus | Myometrium |
| the innermost layer of the uterus where the embryo attaches | Endometrium |
| the external genitals are of the vagina is called | Vulva |
| a mound of hair-covered adipose tissue overlying the symphysis pubis | Mons Pubis |
| thick folds of skin and adipose tissue on the outside of the vagina | Labia Majora |
| two thinner, hairless folds of skin just inside the labia mojora | Labia Minora |
| the area inside the labia is called the | Vestibule |
| it contains the urethral and vaginal openings | Vestibule |
| on a female, A small mound of erectile tissue that resembles a penis | Clitoris |
| its role is strictly sensory, providing a source of sexual stimulation in a female | Clitoris |
| Also know as Skene's Glands | lesser Vestibular glands |
| A pair of mucous glands, that open into the vestibule near the urinary meatus, providing lubrication | lesser Vestibular glands |
| Also know as the Bartholin's glands | Greater Vestibular glands |
| two-pea sized glands that sit on either side of the vaginal opening | Greater Vestibular glands |
| each breast contains 15 to 20 ______ separated by fibrous tissue and adipose tissue | Lobules |
| Each lobule consists of clusters of tiny, Sac-like _____ that secrete milk during lactation | Acini |
| Acini have ducts that form into one duct called | Lactiferous duct |
| before reaching the nipple, the Lactiferous ducts enlarge slightly to form | Lactiferous sinuses |
| A pigmented area that encircles the nipple | Areola |
| help support the breast and also serve to attach the breasts to underlying pectoralis muscles | Suspensory Ligaments |
| Centers changes in the ovaries | Ovarian Cycle |
| Focuses on changes in the uterus | Menstrual Cycle |
| At birth, a female ovaries contain about 2million ________ | oocytes |
| oocytes are also called | Primary Follicles |
| the sudden spike in LH cause a follicle to rupture and the release the ovum- this process is called | Ovulation |
| if fertilization doesn't occur, the corpus luteum degenerates to inactive scar tissue called the | Corpus Albicans |
| Any method used to prevent pregnancy is called | Contraception |
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