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Heredity
Chapter 24 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The process of passing traits from biological parents to children is called | Heredity |
| The study of Heredity or inheritance is called | Genetics |
| All humans cells (except for germ cells) Contain 23 pairs of _____________ | Chromosomes |
| Chromosomes consist of long strands of tightly coiled _______ | DNA |
| Contain the traits that each person inherits | Genes |
| Varies in size, ranging from a few hundred DNA bases to more then 2 million | Genes |
| Similar in structure , such as two similar chromosomes that are paired together | Homologous |
| A chart showing all chromosomes arranged in order by size and structure | Karyotype |
| Non-sex Chromosomes | Autosomes |
| Each pair of chromosomes consists of a chromosome inherited from the mother and a chromosome inherited from the father | Autosomes |
| Chromosomes designated by the letters X and Y that determine gender | Sex Chromosomes |
| In Females, both chromosomes are relatively large and designated by the letter ___ | X |
| in males, one sex chromosome is an X and one is a smaller chromosome designated by the letter | Y |
| The location of specific gene on a chromosome is called its | Locus |
| this allows the genes supplied by the egg to align with the similar genes supplied by the egg to align with the similar gene supplied y the sperm | Locus |
| if a person has two alleles that are the same, the person is said to be _________ for that trait | Homozygous |
| If the alleles are different, the person is said to be ________ | Heterozygous |
| Alternative from a gene | Allele |
| A complete set of genetic information for one person is called | Genome |
| An allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different | Dominate Allele |
| An allele that produces it characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical | Recessive Allele |
| is a phenomenon in which a single gene has more then one dominate allele | Codominant |
| if a gene's information is used for something such as making a protein it is said to be _________ | Expressed |
| Females= | XX |
| Males= | XY |
| How many chromosomes do you receive from mom | 23 |
| How many chromosomes do you receive from dad | 23 |
| The genetic information stored at the locus of the gene, even if those traits are not expressed | Genotype |
| The detectable, outward manifestation of a genotype | Phenotype |
| A permanent change in genetic material is known as a | Mutation |
| When the defective allele is dominant, it overrides the normally functioning gene and the disorder results | Autosomal Dominant Inheritance |
| the offspring must inherit two copies of the defective allele before the disorder manifest itself. | Autosomal Recessive Inheritance |
| The most common disorders result when homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is called | Nondisjuction |
| Both chromosomes go to the same daughter cell, while the other daughter cell doesn't receive a chromosome is called | Nondijuction |
| When fertilization adds the matching chromosomes, one daughter cell has three of that particular chromosomes this is called | Trisomy |
| Is where the other daughter cell has no chromosome with no mate is called | Monosomy |
| If a boy inherits an extra X chromosome (XXY) ____________ develops | Klinefelter Syndrome |
| Becomes apparent in males at puberty when secondary sexual characteristic fail to develop | Klinefelter Syndrome |
| if a girl is born with only one x chromosome | Turner Syndrome |
| Becomes apparent in females at puberty when secondary sexual characteristic fail to develop | Turner Syndrome |
| the environmental factors that have a strong influences over genetic mutation, determining the progression of a disease or even whether the disease develops at all | Multifectorial inheritance |
| Phenomenon whereby genes at two or more loci contribute to the expression of a single trait | Polygenic Inheritance |
| Someone who carries a normal gene along with it recessive allele | Carrier |
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Leci81
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