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UKCD ANA534 Pelvis

learning objective answers to pelvis

QuestionAnswer
Which bones fuse to form the hip (innominate) bone? The ilium, ischium and pubis.
What are the 3 joints of the pelvis and what type of joint is each one? The sacroiliac (synovial); intervertebral disc (fibrous); and pubic symphysis (cartilaginous).
Define the attachments of the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments. Sacrotuberous: dorsal aspect of sacrum to ischial tuberosity; sacrospinous: lateral aspect of the sacrum to the ischial spine.
What two foramina are formed by these structures? Greater (via sacrospinous lig.) and lesser (via sacrotuberous lig.) sciatic foramena.
Name the muscles that form the walls of the pelvis? Obturator internus and piriformis.
What is the innervation of these muscles? Obturator internus: n. to obturator internus (L5, S1.2); and piriformis: (S1,2).
What muscles form the floor of the pelvis? Coccygeus and levator ani mm. (pubococcygeus + iliococcygeus - deeper fibers of the latter = puborectalis)
Where do the muscles of the pelvic floor arise? Coccygeus: ischial spine to lateral margin of sacrum & coccyx; and levator ani: pubis and tendinous arch of obturator internus to coccyx.
What is the innervation of these muscles? S2,3,4.
What do these muscles form a sling around? Lower rectum/upper anal canal
What is the perineal body? A connective tissue mass.
Where is the perineal body located? Between the anus and the base of the scrotum in the male or the posterior aspect of the vagina in the female.
Why is the perineal body clinically important? It is either incised, or avoided, in episiotomies during childbirth.
Created by: wiechartm
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