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Anatomy Exam 3 mash
MASH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In a SURFACE PROJECTION, where are the following specifically located? a) gall bladder b) right colic flexure c) base of appendix(McBurney's point) d) transpyloric plane (NOT vertebral level) | a) behind costal cartilage of rib 9 b) rib 10, under liver c) junction of distal and middle thirds of line connecting right ASIS and umbilicus d) a hands-breadth below the xiphoid |
| Besides stomach and splenic vessels, give 2 viscera (give specific part when needed) immediately related to the spleen | Pancreas (tail) Left kidney |
| In a SURFACE PROJECTION, where are the following specifically located? a) left colic flexure b) transverse colon | a) rib 8, left side b) at level of umbilicus, concavely |
| Besides the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, name the other cartilages of the larynx | Epiglottic, corniculate, cuneiform, arytenoid |
| Describe the MOTOR innervation (include components innervated) to the larynx | intrinsic muscles- recurrent laryngeal branch of Vagus cricothyroid- external branch of superior laryngeal |
| Slit-like opening between the FALSE vocal cords | Rima vestibuli |
| Fissure separating upper and middle lobes of the right lung | Horizontal Fissure |
| a sharp mucosal covered ridge of the middle meatus | Uncinate process |
| Name given to parietal pleura over apex of lung | Cupula |
| Meatus into which the nasolacrimal duct drains | Inferior meatus |
| HYPERTROPHIED lymphatic components on the roof of the nasopharynx | Adenoid (hypertophied pharyngeal tonsils) |
| Internally corresponds to alae of the nose; has sweat glands AND hairs | Vestibule |
| Swelling in the middle meatus, marks position of ethmoid air cell | Ethmoid bulla |
| Besides the aorta, list 2 other structures which can pass through the aortic hiatus | Thoracic duct, azygos vein |
| Tubular structure present at the junction of ONLY the inferolateral and superior surfaces of the bladder | Median umbilical ligament |
| Specific cup-like structures which surround the apices of the renal papillae (apices of the renal pyramids) ONLY | minor calyces |
| Component immediately internal to pararenal fat | renal fascia |
| Pouch immediately posterior to the FEMALE bladder | Vesicouterine pouch |
| Name 2 nerves that are posteriorly related to the kidneys | Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal |
| What structure is related to the following surfaces of the prostate gland: a) posterior b) base c) inferolateral d)apex e) anterior | a) rectum b) bladder c) levator ani muscle d) deep perineal space/pouch e) pubic symphysis |
| Homologue of the female vagina (vagina masculine), formerly thought to be homologue of uterus | Prostatic utricle |
| Approx. length of ductus epididymis | 20-23 feet |
| Component applied to most of the external surface of the tunica albuginea of testis | Tunica vaginalis |
| Specific named part of broad ligament that forms its inferior aspect | Mesometrium |
| Part of the levator ani that prevents anal incontinence | Puborectalis |
| Component which FORMS the arcus tendineus | Thickened fascia of obturator internus |
| Give ALL structural components forming the broad ligament | Anterior and posterior sheets of peritoneum fuse and extend to lateral pelvic wall |
| LANDMARK through which the tendon of the obturator internus exits the pelvis | lesser sciatic foramen |
| From what components do the following arise? a) suspensory ligament of the clitoris b) prepuce of clitoris | a) deep fascia of lower abdomen b) lateral folds of labia minora |
| Scarpa's fascia of the abdomen continues into the perineum as the____ layer of the ____ perineal fascia, formerly known as ____fascia. Anteromedially, this fascia is continuous with the _____ | Deep, Superficial, Colles', dartos |
| List 2 different mm. occupying the SUPERFICIAL perineal space | Superficial transverse perineal mm. bulbospongious m ischiocavernosus |
| List 3 differently named structures located in the DEEP perineal space of the MALE | deep transverse perneal mm. bulbourethral glands external urthral sphincter |
| Female homologue of proximal part of the corpus spongiosum | vestibular bulb |
| Patient has ruptured bulbular penile urethra,the deep fascia of the perineum is NOT damaged.Which area(s) would you expect urine to collect during micturition? a)scrotum b)penis c) scrotum &penis d)scrotum, penis, and abdominal wall e) deep perineal space | B) Penis |
| Define the: a) Pudendal cleft b) crura of the perineum | a) cleft between labia majora b) legs of penis and clitoris formed from corpus cavernosum |
| Fold of skin formed by labia minora; forms a hood over most of the clitoris | Prepuce |
| The anterior recesses of the ischiorectal fossa are located between (superiorly and inferiorly) what two structures? | UG diaphragm (deep perineal pouch/space) Levator ani |
| In the SURFACE PROJECTION, where are the following SPECIFICALLY located? do NOT give an abdominal region as your answer a) gallbladder b) R colic flexure c) Base of appendix (McBurney's point) d) Transpyloric plan (NOT vertebral level) | a) lateral border of R. rectus abdominus and costal margin b) below liver on R of the costal margin(10th rib) c) Line between ASIS and umbilicus, the junction between lower 1/3 and middle 1/3. d)Halfway between suprasternal notch and pubis |
| In a surface projection, the lower border of the liver extends along a line from the Right ____rib to the Left _____rib | Right 10 Left 5 |
| In a SURFACE PROJECTION, where are the following located? Do NOT give an abdominal region a)left colic flexure b)transverse colon | a) deep to 8th rib costal margin b) over umbilicus |
| What muscle of the larynx: a) is an antagonist to the cricothyroid m. b) extends from posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to the muscular process of the arytenoids cartilage | a) thyroarytenoid m. b) posterior cricoarytenoid m. |
| _____ structure over which the mucosa of the larynx is reflected to form the vestibular fold | Quadrangular membrane |
| _____ slit-like opening between the TRUE vocal cords | Rima glottidis |
| ______ internally corresponds to alae of the nose; has sweat glands AND hairs | vestibule |
| Give the following vertebral levels: a) tracheal bifurcation (cadaver) b) hiatus of the inferior vena cava | a) T4/T5 b) T8 |
| Define a bronchopulmonary segment | Area of the lung supplied with air from the tertiary bronchus and its branches |
| ______ left lung homologue of middle lobe of right lung | Lungula |
| ______ opening of ethmoidal infundibulum into the meatus | Semilunar hiatus |
| ______ specific structure responsible for forming the limen nasi | lateral nasal cartilages |
| ______ a structure which drains into the inferior meatus | Nasolacrimal duct |
| Give 2 landmarks present on the medial surface of the right lung, but NOT the left | Superior vena cava Root of azygos vein |
| _____ part of levator ani that arises from the arcus tendineus | Iliococcygeus |
| _____ SPECIFIC part of broad ligament surrounding the uterine (fallopian) tube | Mesosalpinx |
| Give ALL structural components forming the broad ligament. Do NOT give its 3 named parts | Vessels, Nerves, Lymphatic channels, Lateral cervical ligament, A&P sheets of peritoneum |
| Give the composition of the HEAD of the epididymis | Efferent ducts and proximal ductus epididymis |
| Define location of the posterior lobe of the prostate. Be complete! | Posterior to urethra and inferior to ejaculatory duct |
| _____ counting the outer skin of the ANTERIOR scrotum as the 1st layer, give the 4th layer through which a penetrating item would pass | Cremaster |
| Using VERTEBRAL LEVELS (be exact), where do the kidneys lie when in the supine position? Do they move when in the erect position? If so, how far? | Supine, T12 to L2/L3 They move caudally up to one inch in an erect position |
| Discuss the derivation of the trigone muscle | Longitudinal smooth muscle of the ureters |
| Name 4 muscles related posteriorly to the kidneys | Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transverses abdominis, respiratory diaphragm |
| Define the: a) pudendal cleft b) crura of the perineum | a) cleft between labia majora b)part of corpora cavernosa attached to ishiopubic rami and UG diaphragm |
| Scarpa's fascia of the abdomen continues into the perineum as the _____ layer of the ______ perineal fascia, formerly known as the _____ fascia. Anteromedially, this fascia continues with the ________. | Deep Superficial Colles Dartos muscle |
| _____ structure forming the posterolateral border of the anal triangle | Sacrotuberous ligament |
| Besides the pudendal n., give the sources of innervation to the anal triangle | Perineal branch of S4, perineal branch of posterior femoral cutaneous |
| The anterior recesses of the ischiorectal fossa are located between (superiorly and inferiorly) what two structures? | Superior- levator ani Inferior- deep perineal pouch |
| Discuss IN DETAIL the COURSE taken by the internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve as they exit the pelvis and pass through the anal triangle. | Leave via the greater sciatic notch/foramen--->cross dorsally over ishical spine---> pass through the lesser sciatic notch/foramen---> then in pudendal canal high on lateral wall of anal triangle to UG diaphragm |
| _____ female homologue of proximal part of the corpus spongiosum | Vestibular bulb |
| List 2 different muscles occupying the SUPERFICIAL perineal space | Bulbospongiosum muscle Ischiocavernosus muscle |
| Besides the pylorus, give 2 specific PARTS of the viscera through which the transpyloric plane passes (from handout only) | The neck of the pancreas, the duodenojujunal junction, and the hila of kidneys |
| Give the following vertebral levels a)subcostal plane b)transpyloric plane | a) L3 b) L1 |
| In a SURFACE PROJECTION, where are the following SPECIFICALLY located? Do NOT give an abdominal region as your answer a) Gall bladder b) right colic flexure c) base of appendix (McBurney's point) d) transpyloric plane (NOT vertebral level) | a) behind the costocartilage of rib 9 on the right side b) behind the costocartilage of rib 10 on the right side c) middle to lower 1/3 of the line between umbilicus and ASIS on the right side d) one handbreadth below the xiphoid process |
| Slit-like opening between the true vocal cords | rima glottidis |
| the mucosal reflection over the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane of the larynx | aryepiglottic fold |
| this structure passes upward from the arch of the cricoid cartilage, on its upper edge it is thickened to form the vocal ligaments | Conus elasticus |
| Define the root of the lung | Collectively the structures that run through the hilus of the lung |
| Name given to the upper part of the dorsum nasi supported by nasal bones | Bridge |
| Name bony components forming the roof of the nasal CAVITY | Nasal bones, frontal bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, body of sphenoid |
| SPECIFIC structure that supports the tracheal bifurcation | Carina |
| Name given to the majority of smooth muscle forming the wall of the urinary bladder | Detrusor |
| Specific bladder SURFACES which meet at its NECK | Inferolateral, posterior |
| Besides the suprarenal gland superiorly, give 2 structures ANTERIORLY related to the RIGHT kidney. Be sure to give specific PARTS of organs when necessary | Right colic flexure, second part of the duodenum, liver |
| Besides lymphatics and nerves, give 3 specific structures located WITHIN the spermatic cord. Now give the name of their immediate covering | Vas deferns, testicular ar., pampiniform plexus of veins Covered by internal spermatic fascia |
| Define location of the median lobe of the prostate. Be complete! | Behind the prostatic urethra, above the ejaculatory ducts |
| The broad ligament is made of what? Do NOT give its 3 named parts | Anterior and Posterior layers of peritoneum that approximate eachother and extend from the uterus to the later pelvic wall |
| Name the normal positions of the uterus and also DEFINE each. BE SPECIFIC | Anteverted- the uterus is tilted/positioned forward in such that its axis is not parallel with the vagina Anteflexed- the body is flexed in a way that the concavity faces anterior and inferior |
| What lies immediately medial to the ANTERIOR half of the uterosacral ligament? | Retrouterine pouch |
| Forms superior boundary (roof) of the perineum | Pelvic diaphragm |
| Forms the upper limit (roof) of the deep perineal space | Superior fascia of the UG diaphragm |
| The anterior recesses of the ischiorectal fossa are located between (superiorly and inferiorly) what 2 structures? | Superiorly- levator ani Inferiorly- deep perineal space |
| Give the following boundaries of the superficial perineal space: a) superior b) inferior c) lateral d) give a muscle of the space e) anterior | a) perineal membrane b) deep fascia of the perineum c) ischiopubic rami d) superficial transverse perineal m., also isciocavernosus e) attachment of deep perineal fascia to pubis |
| From what components do the following arise? Be specific! a) suspensory ligament of the clitoris b) prepuce of clitoris | a) deep fascia of the lower abdomen; lower part of linea alba b) lateral folds of the labia minora |
| The internal pudendal artery TERMINATES as: | Deep and dorsal arteries of clitoris/penis |
| Concerning the faschial layers: BE SPECIFIC AND COMPLETE! a)name given to abdominal Scarpa's fascia in the perineal region b) the _____ fascia of the perneum is NOT continuous with the dartos of the scrotum | a) deep layer of superficial perineal fascia b) deep perineal |
| Forms the upper limit (roof) of the deep perineal space | Superior fascia of UG diaphragm |
| Besides skin and fascia, name 2 structures located within the labia minor | Vestibular bulbs termination of round ligament of uterus |
| Besides suprarenal gland superiorly, give 2 structures ANTERIORLY related to the RIGHT kidney. Be sure to give specific PARTS of organs when necessary | 2nd part of duodenum, right colic flexure, liver |
| potential space anterior to bladder | Retropubic space |
| Pouch immediately posterior to the MALE bladder | Retrovesicle pouch |
| Define the cardinal ligament, in your answer include: structural composition, SPECIFIC location, alternate name, and SPECIFIC PART of organ to which it is attached | aggregation of CT, also termed lateral cervical ligament, supplies uterus and attached to isthmus of uterus |
| Part of pelvic diaphragm which originates off the ischial spine and spinous ligament | Coccygeus |
| What structure mentioned in class is related to the following surfaces of the prostate gland: a) apex b) inferolateral | a) Deep perineal space b) levator ani |
| Counting the outer skin of the ANTERIOR scrotum as the 1st layer, give the 4th layer through which a penetrating item would pass | Cremaster |
| Part of male duct system which passes through the prostate and into the urethra | Ejaculatory duct |
| Give 2 components mentioned in lecture which form the lateral wall of the NASOPHARYNX | Ostia of auditory tubes, pharyngeal muscles |
| Name two structures (as mentioned in lecture) related to the left side of the THORACIC part of the trachea | Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Arch of aorta |
| Besides the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, name the other cartilages of the larynx | Arytenoid cartilages(2), epiglottic cartilage(1), corniculate cartilages(2), cuneiform cartilages(2) |
| In a SURFACE PROJECTION, where is the spleen SPECIFICALLY located? Do NOT give an abdominal region as your answer | Deep to left 9th 10th and 11th ribs, and just posterior to the midaxillary line |
| In a surface projection, where are the following located? Do not give an abdominal region a) left colic flexure b) transverse colon | a) the left hypochondrium deep to costal cartilage 8 b) about level of the umbilicus |
| Give the following vertebral levels a) aortic bifurcation b) the umbilicus (thin subject) | a) L4 b) L3/L4 |
| What muscle of the larynx: a) lengthens and tightens the vocal cord, thus increasing the pitch b) inserts on the muscular process of the arytenoid and rotates the cartilage medially, but does not pull the cartilage anteriorly? | a) Cricothyroid muscle b) Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle |
| Give the term for the: 1) entrance to the larynx 2) space between the true and false vocal cords | 1) Aditus 2) Rima Glettidis |
| ______ name given to mucosal reflection formed by the lower edge of quadrangular membrane | Vestibular fold |
| ______Structure which has a lateral and medial crus to hold open the nostrils | Greater alar cartilage |
| Into what meatus does each of the following drain? 1) maxillary sinus 2) frontal sinus | 1) middle via the ethmoidal infundibulum directly 2) middle infundibulum |
| ______ specific 2 bladder surfaces which meet at its neck | inferolateral and posterior |
| ______ component immediately internal to renal fascia | perirenal fat |
| Give the: 1) Bony posterior relations of the left kidney 2) capacity of bladder without over distention 3) Venous drainage of female bladder 4) artery to bladder directly from the internal iliac | 1) 11th and 12th ribs 2) 500 ml 3) vesical-vaginal plexus (female) 4) Superioris of middle vesical arteries |
| _____ depression just lateral to colliculus seminalis | prostatic sinuses |
| Muscle lining the posterior wall of the pelvis | Piriformis |
| Name two branches of the perineal artery | posterior labial/ scrotal transverse perineal |
| Using an outline format, name all the branches and subbranches of the pudendenal nerve | A. Inferior Rectal B. Perineal 1.) deep branches 2.) post. scrutal/sacral C. dorsal n. to penis/clitoris |
| Concerning fascial layers: be specific and complete 1. name given to Camper's fascia in the perineal region 2. also known as Buck's fascia | 1. superficial layer of superior perineal fascia 2. deep fascia of clitoris and penis |
| Besides the pudendal nerve, give the sources of innervation of the anal triangle | Perineal branch of S4 Perineal branch of posterior femoral cutaneous |
| _____ form the anterior boundary of the anal triangle | imaginary line through the ischial tuerosity |
| List the vertebral level of: a) aortic hiatus b) esophageal hiatus c) Inferior Vena Cava | a) T12 b) T10 c) T8 |
| _____ a ridge within the nasal cavity separating stratified squamous from respiratory mucos | Limen nasi |
| Using VERTEBRAL LEVELS (be exact), where do the kidneys lie when in the supine position? Do they move when in the erect position? If so, how far? | Supine: Left at T12 right at T12-L2 or L3 Erect: The kidneys move causally up one inch |
| Name 4 muscles related posteriorly to the kidneys | Quadratus Lumborum Psoas major Transversalis abdominis Diaphragm |
| _____ counting the outer skin of the ANTERIOR scrotum as 1st layer, give the 6th layer through which a penetrating item would pass | Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis |
| Define: a) isthmus of the prostate b) the position of the RIGHT testis when compared to the left (higher, lower) c) the 1st part of the male urethra d) the derivation of the cremaster muscle | a) in midline anterior to the urethra, also known as anterior lobe b) higher c) prostatic urethra d) internal oblique muscle |
| Define location of the posterior lobe of the prostate. Be complete! | In the midline posterior to the urethra and below the ejaculating duct |
| ______ makes up the greatest part of the uterine tube; it is thin walled | Ampulla |
| _______ LANDMARK through which the tendon of the obturator internus exits the pelvis | Lesser sciatic foramen |
| Concerning fascial layers: BE SPECIFIC AND COMPLETE a) name given to abdominal Scarpa's fascia in the perineal region b) the _______ fascia of the perineum is NOT continuous with the dartos of the scrotum | a) deep layer of the superficial fascia b) deep |
| ______ structure forming the inferior limit (boundary) of the deep perineal space | deep perineal membrane |
| List 3 differently named structures located in the deep perineal space of male | external urethral glands bulbourethral glands deep transverse perineal muscle |
| List 2 different muscles occupying the SUPERFICIAL perineal space | Bulbospongiosus muscle Ischiocavernous muscle |
| What muscle of the larynx: a) is an antagonist to the cricothyroid muscle b) extends from the posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to the muscular process of the arytenoids cartilage | a) Thyroarytenoid muscle b) Posterior cricothyroid muscle |
| _______ this structure passes upward from the arch of the cricoid cartilage, on its upper edge it is thickened to form the vocal ligaments | Conus elasticus |
| What muscle(s) of the larynx: a) act(s) as a sphincter of the laryngeal inlet? b) is/are NOT innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve | a) Oblique arytenoid b) Criothyroid muscle |
| In a surface projection, the lower border of the liver extends along a line from the RIGHT ______ rib to the LEFT _____ rib | Right 10th Left 5th |
| Besides the stomach and splenic vessels, give 2 viscera immediately related to the spleen. Use only those mentioned in lecture | Left kidney Tail of pancreas |
| Give the following vertebral levels: a) subcostal plane b) transpyloric plane | a) L3 b) L1 |
| In a SURFACE PROJECTION, where is the spleen SPECIFICALLY located? Do not give an abdominal region as your answer | The spleen underlies the 9th, 10th, and 11th costal cartilages on the left side. It lies posterior to the left mid-axillary line |
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