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Chabner Chapter 7
The Urinary System (Vocabulary)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Arteriole | Small artery. |
| Calyx or calix (plural: calyces or calices) | Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. |
| Catheter | Tube for injecting or removing fluids. |
| Cortex | Outer region of an organ the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney. |
| Creatinine | Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. |
| Electrolyte | Chemical element that carries an electical charge when dissolved in water. |
| Erythropoietin (EPO) | Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. |
| Filtration | Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. |
| Glomerular capsule | Enclosing structure surround each glomerulus. |
| Glomerulus (plural: glomuruli) | Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney. |
| Hilum | Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. |
| Kidney | One of two-bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine. |
| Meatus | Opening or a canal. |
| Medulla | Inner region of an organ. |
| Nephron | Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. |
| Nitrogenous waste | Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. |
| Potassium (K+) | An electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. |
| Reabsorption | Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream. |
| Renal artery | Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney. |
| Renal pelvis | Central collecting region in the kidney. |
| Renal tubule | Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration. |
| Renal vein | Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart. |
| Renin | Hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises the blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). |
| Sodium (Na+) | An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions. |
| Trigone | Triangular area in the urinary bladder. |
| Urea | Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. |
| Ureter | One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. |
| Urethra | Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. |
| Uric acid | Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine. |
| Urinary bladder | Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine. |
| Urination (voiding) | Process of expelling urine; also called micturition. |
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