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A&P Final Ex.4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the diagram at left which of the labeled structures is a collecting duct? | B. The spike of the long tube. (B) |
| Urine passes through the: | A. Pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra. |
| A Bowman's capsule does not contain: | D. Vasa recta |
| The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin: | A. By decrease in the blood pressure |
| The ____ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney. | B. Arcuate |
| The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it: | B. Is drained by an efferent arteriole |
| The descending limb of the loop of Henle: | B. Contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla. |
| Select the correct statement about the ureters. | C. The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the GI tract. |
| The renal corpuscle is made up of: | D. Bowman's capsule and glomerulus. |
| The functional and structural unit of the kidney is: | A. The nephron. |
| The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is: | D. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure). |
| Which of the following statements describes the histology of the ureters? | A. The are trilayered (Mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia). |
| The filtration membrane includes all but: | A. Renal fascia |
| The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubule is: | B. Osmosis |
| Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. | D. 3,6,2,1,5,4 |
| Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? | A. Podocyte cells |
| Tubular reabsorption: | D. By active mechanisms usually involves movement against an electrical and/or chemical gradient. |
| The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is: | B. The glomerular hydrostatic pressure |
| If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120mg/100ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230mg/100ml, the amino acid: | D. Will appear in the urine |
| Excretion of dilute urine requires: | D. Impermeability of the collecting tubule to water |
| The disruption in homeostasis known as pyletis is: | C. An infection of the renal pelvis and calcyes |
| Which statement is correct? | B. Reabsorption of water is hormonally controlled |
| The renal clearance rate equation is RC=____. | B. UV/P |
| Which of the following is sodium depletion? | A. Hypoatremia |
| Which of the following regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid? | C. Aldosterone |
| Water occupies two main fluid compartments within the body the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular fluid compartment. Which of the following statements is true concerning the volume of intracellular fluid? | B. Approximately two-thirds of the water is in the intracellular fluid compartment |
| Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ____ is found in the intracellular fluid. | A. Potassium |
| The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is: | B. Potassium ion concentration in blood plasma |
| The movement of fluids between cellular compartments: | C. Is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts? | C. Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts. |
| The total body water is divided into intra/extracellular fluids. Plasma is considered: | D. Extracellular |
| Disorders of water balance include: | D. Edema or tissue swelling, which is usually due to a decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure. |
| The most important force causing net water flow across capillary walls is: | D. Hydrostatic pressure of capillary blood |
| The regulation of potassium balance: | C. Involves aldosterone-induced secretion of potassium |
| Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by: | A. Tissue edema |
| Select the correct statement about renal mechanisms of acid-base balance. | C. Kidney tubule cells are able to synthesize bicarbonate ion |
| Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely? | D. Metabolic acidosis |
| In the diagram at left which of the labeled structures is the corpus luteum? | D. The scrunchy hairtie one (D). |
| The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproduction system. Which of the following is true about the role they play? | A. They regulate the temperature of the testes. |
| The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to: | A. Peristaltic contractions |
| Which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen? | A. The seminal vesicles |
| Human egg and sperm are similar in that: | A. They have the same number of chromosomes |
| Fertilization generally occurs in the: | D. Fallopian tubes |
| Functions of testosterone include: | C. Facilitation of muscle and skeletal growth in mass |
| The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called: | D. Interstitial cells |
| Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle? | C. Corpus luteum |
| Select the correct statement about male sexual response. | C. Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood |
| Select the correct statement about mammary glands. | C. The breasts of most nonpregnant females are composed of fat and connective tissue |
| During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle: | B. Progesterone levels are at their highest |
| Normally menstruation occurs when: | B. Blood levels of FSH fall off |
| Select the correct statement about testosterone control: | C. GnRh from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituatary |
| Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes? | C. The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary |
| Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process in not true? | B. Rebuilding the edomentrium is under the control of prolactin |
| A low secretion of lutenizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause: | D. Decreased testosterone secretion |
| All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except: | B. FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine ednomentrium |
| Which of the following phases of processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously? | A. Regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion |
| The midpiece of the sperm tail contains mostly____ | A. Mitochondria |
| The portion of the uterine endometrium that is not sloughed off every month is called the _____. | D. Stratum basalis |
| What signals the corpus luteum to continue producing hormones if the oocyte is fertilized? | B. Human chorionic gonadatropin |
| What is the purpose of the male bulbourethral gland? | B. Neutralize the acids in the urethra |
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