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Super Back Muscles
Back muscle origin, insertion, innervation, action
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trapezius Muscle Origin | Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae |
| Trapezius Insertion | Spine and acromion of scapula |
| Trapezius Innervation | Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) |
| Trapezius Action | Superior: elevation Middle: retracts Inferior: depresses scapula Superior+inferior: rotate shoulder joint superiorly |
| Latissimus dorsi origin | spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest |
| Latissimus dorsi insertion | inferior intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
| Latissimus dorsi innervation | thorcodorsal nerve (C6-C8 anterior rami) |
| Latissimus dorsi action | extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus |
| Levator scapulae origin | transverse processes of C1-C4 |
| levator scapulae insertion | medial border of scapula, superior to root of scapular spine |
| Levator scapulae action | elevates scapula and rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly |
| rhomboid major origin | spinous process of T2-T5 |
| rhomboid major insertion | medial border of scapula |
| rhomboid major innervation | Dorsal scapular nerve (c4,C5 anterior rami) |
| Rhomboid major action | retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall |
| Rhomboid minor origin | nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7 and T1 |
| Name Superficial Extrinsic Back Muscles | trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor |
| Name the Intermediate extrinsic back muscles | Serratus posterior superior (SPS) and serratus posterior inferior (SPI) |
| Serratus Posterior Superior Origin | Nuchal Ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 |
| Serratus Posterior Superior insertion | Ribs 2 to 4 |
| Serratus Posterior Superior innervation | T2-T5 anterior rami of spinal nerves |
| Serratus Posterior Superior action | Elevate ribs 2 to 4, but function is proprioception during respiration |
| Serratus Posterior Inferior origin | Spinous processes of T11-L2 |
| Serratus Posterior Inferior insertion | Ribs 8 to 12 |
| Serratus Posterior Inferior innervation | T9-T12 anterior rami of spinal nerve |
| Serratus Posterior Inferior action | Depress ribs 8-12, but function is proprioception during respiration |
| Name Superfical intrinsic back muscles | splenius cervicis and capitis |
| Splenius Cervicis origin | Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T3/4 |
| Splenius Cervicis insertion | Transverse processes of C1 to C3/4 |
| Splenius Cervicis action | Unilaterally – laterally flex the neck and rotate head to the side of the active muscle Bilaterally – Extend head and neck |
| Splenius Cervicis innervation | Posterior rami of spinal nerves |
| Splenius Capitus origin | Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T3/4 |
| Splenius Capitus insertion | Mastoid process and nuchal line |
| Splenius Capitus innervation | Posterior rami of spinal nerves |
| Splenius Capitus action | Unilaterally – laterally flex the neck and rotate head to the side of the active muscle Bilaterally – Extend head and neck |
| intermediate intrinsic back muscles | (erector spinae group), "I Love Sex", spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis |
| Spinalis origin | Broad tendon from posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament |
| Spinalis insertion | Spinous processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae |
| Spinalis innervation | Posterior rami of spinal nerves |
| Spinalis action | Unilaterally – laterally flex vertebral column Bilaterally – Extend vertebral column and head |
| longissimus origin | Broad tendon from posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament |
| longissimus insertion | Postero-medial aspect of ribs, cervical transverse processes, and mastoid process |
| longissimus innervation | Posterior rami of spinal nerves |
| longissimus action | Unilaterally – laterally flex vertebral column Bilaterally – Extend vertebral column and head |
| iliocostalis origin | Broad tendon from posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament |
| iliocostalis insertion | Lateral to longissimus on ribs and cervical transverse processes |
| iliocostalis innervation | Posterior rami of spinal nerves |
| iliocostalis action | Unilaterally – laterally flex vertebral column Bilaterally – Extend vertebral column and head |
| Deep Intrinsic back muscles (transversos pinalis group) | "Some Men Rape" Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores |
| Semispinalis origin | Transverse processes of C4 to T12 |
| Semispinalis insertion | Thoracic and cervical spinous processes, and space between superior and inferior nuchal lines on cranium |
| Semispinalis innervation | Posterior rami of spinal nerves |
| Semispinalis action | Extends head, thoracic and cervical vertebral column, rotates contralaterally |
| Multifidus origin | Posterior sacrum, transverse processes of lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae |
| Multifidus insertion | Spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 vertebrae ABOVE their origin |
| Multifidus innervation | Posterior rami of spinal nerves |
| Multifidus action | Extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column |
| Rotatores origin | Transverse processes of vertebrae |
| Rotatores insertion | Lamina of vertebrae immediately or two segments above it’s origin |
| Rotatores innervation | Posterior rami of spinal nerves |
| Rotatores action | Rotates vertebral column, functions to stabilize the vertebrae |
| Deep posterior neck muscles | Rectus Capitis major and minor, and obliquus capitus superior |
| Rectus Capitis major origin | C2 spinous process |
| Rectus Capitis major insertion | lateral part of inferior nuchal line |
| Rectus Capitis major innervation | suboccipital nerve (c1 spinal nerve posterior ramus) |
| Rectus Capitis major action | Extention of the atlanto-occipital joint, ipsilateral rotation of the atlanto-axial joint |
| Rectus Capitis minor origin | C1 posterior arch |
| Rectus Capitis minor insertion | medial part of inferior nuchal line |
| Rectus Capitis minor innervation | suboccipital nerve (C1 spinal nerve posterior ramus) |
| Rectus Capitis minor action | extension of the atlanto-occipital joint, ipsilateral rotation of the atlanto-axial joint |
| Obliquus capitis superior origin | C1 transverse process |
| Obliquus capitis superior insertion | occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines |
| Obliquus capitis superior innervation | suboccipital nerve (C1 spinal nerve posterior ramus) |
| Obliquus capitis superior action | extension and lateral flexion of the atlanto-occipital joint |
| Obliquus capitis inferior origin | C2 posterior arch |
| Obliquus capitis inferior insertion | C1 transverse process |
| Obliquus capitis inferior innervation | suboccipital nerve (C1 spinal nerve posterior ramus) |
| Obliquus capitis inferior action | ipsilateral rotation of the atlanto-axial joint |
| levator scapulae innervation | dorsal scapular nerve (C5 anterior ramus root) and C3,4 anterior rami |
Created by:
afiahmed
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