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7-18 mediastinum
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where would you place your stethoscope to listen to the mitral valve? | Apex of heart--left 5th intercostal space |
| What structures are in the middle mediastinum? | Pericardium, heart, roots of great vessels- ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, SVC |
| What structures are in the superior mediastinum? | Thymus, great vessels (brachiocephalic veins and SVC), aortic arch, phrenic and vagus nerves, thoracic duct, lympathic trunks |
| What structures are in the posterior mediastinum? | Thoracic aorta, thoracic duct, lympathic trunks, lymph nodes, azygos, hemiazygos, esophagus, esophageal nerve plexus |
| What structures are in the anterior mediastinum? | Loose connective tissues, fat, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, branchesof internal thoracic vessels |
| When is the thymus most active? | Childhood |
| What does the thymus play a role in? | Immune system, T cell maturation |
| What two veins form the superior vena cava? | Right and left brachiocephalic veins |
| What are the three branches of the aortic arch? | Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian artery |
| What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into? | Right common carotid artery andright subclavian artery |
| What wraps around the right subclavian artery? | Right recurrent laryngeal artery |
| What wraps around the aorta? | Left recurrent laryngeal artery |
| What is the cardiac plexus near to? | The carina |
| What is the esophagus posterior and anterior to? | Posterior to trachea and anterior to vertebral column |
| What immpulses does a plexus have? | Sensory and autonomic |
| What innervates the esophagus? | Vagus nerve |
| What plexuses does the vagus nerve attribute to? | Cardiac and esophageal plexuses |
| What are the sympathetic ganglion? | Collection of nerves |
| What carries sympathetic impulses from the spinal cord? | Sympathetic trunk |
| What vein is on the right side, but not the left? | Azygos vein |
| What drains to the azygos vein? | Intercostal veins |
| What does the azygos drain into? | Superior vena cava |
| What major artery is on the left side, but not on the right? | Aorta |
| What does the hemiazygos drain into? | Azygos |
| What are the right and left venous angles formed by? | Internal jugular and subclavian veins |
| Where does the left thoracic duct drain? | Left venous angle |
| What does the right lymphatic duct drain? | Above diaphragm and entire right half |
| Where does the right thoracic duct drain? | Right venous angle |
| What does the thoracic duct drain? | Diaphragm down and left side of head, neck, upper extremity |
| What does the right superior intercostal vein drain to? | Subclavian vein |
| Where does the left superior intercostal vein drain into? | Brachiocephalic vein |
| What is the parasympathetic division of the left vagus? | Anterior vagal trunk |
| What is the paraysmpathetic division of the right vagus? | Posterior vagal trunk |
| What is the structure differentiating between anterior and posterior vagal trunks? | Esophagus |
| What are the three main openings of the diaphragm? | Aorta, esophagus, inferior vena cava |
| What are the vertebral areas the openings are near? | T8- inferior vena cava T10- esophagus T12- aorta |
| What causes a hernia? | The openings are too wide so other things go through it |
Created by:
beranml
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