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Cardiac vocab-heart
Cardiac vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| stroke volume | amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle in one contraction |
| cardiac output (CO) | amount of blood pumped out in one minute |
| cardiac reserve | difference between resting and maximal CO |
| end diastolic volume | amount of blood that collects in a ventricle during diastole |
| end systolic volume | amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after systole |
| foramen ovale | opening between the 2 artria |
| ductus arteriosus | allows blood to go directly from pulmonary trunk to aorta |
| heart murmur | abnormal sound during heartbeat cycle |
| mediastinum | medial cavity of the thorax |
| endocardium | epithelial membrane that lines the interior of the heart |
| myocardium | layer of heart wall composed of cardiac muscle |
| epicardium | the outer layer of the heart |
| serous pericardium | a thin,slippery, two-layer serous membrane |
| fibrous pericardium | the loosely fitting superficial part of the sac known as the pericardium;protects the heart,anchors its surrounding structures, and prevents overfilling of the heart with blood |
| pericardial cavity | slit-like space between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium |
| serous membrane | moist membranes found in body cavities closed to the exterior |
| mucous membranes | moist membranes that line body cavities that open to the exterior |
| atrioventricular valves | valve that prevents backflow into the atrium when the connected ventricle is contracting |
| semilunar valves | valves that prevent blood from return to the ventricles after contraction |
| chordae tendinae | act as guy-wires for the AV valves; keep them from being blown into the atria when the ventricles contract |
| papillary muscles | contract when the ventricles contract |
| sarcomere | smallest contractile unit of muscle |
| Z disc | cross-striation that bisects the I band of Skm |
| A band | the part of the sarcomere that contains only thick filaments |
| I band | part of sarcomere that contains only thin filaments |
| t-tubule | invagination of the sarcolemma |
| intercalated discs | found where ends of two adjacent cardiac cells come together |
| automaticity | initiate their own depolarization |
| polarization | the muscle cell is relatively negative on the inside of the cell than the outside of the cell |
| depolarization | loss of a state of polarity;loss or reduction of negative membrane potential |
| repolarization | movement of the membrane potential to the initial resting state |
| SA Node (sinoatrial node) | generates impluses |
| Internodal pathway | connecting fibers between SA node and AV node |
| AV Node (atrioventricular node) | delays impulse to allow atria to contract before ventricles |
| AV bundle | electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles |
| Right and left Bundle Branches | convey impulses down interventricular septum |
| Purkinje Fibers | convey the impulse throughout the ventricular walls;stimulate the ventricular contractile celsl |
| normal sinus rhythm | normal, regular heart rate originating from SA node |
| Arrhythmia | a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat |
| sinus trachycardia | rapid heart rate originating from SA node |
| sinus brachycardia | slow heart rate originating from the SA node |
| Atrial Fibrillation | arrhythmia in which the heart's atria beats chaotically and irregularly and without coordination with the 2 lower chambers of the heart |
| Ventricular fibrillation | a condition in which there's uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles |
| premature atrial contraction | an extra beat comes sooner than normal originating in the atria |
| premature ventricular contraction | an extra beat comes sooner than normal originating in the ventricles |
| insufficient valves | valves that do not close all the way and therefore allow blood to flow through them |
| stenotic valves | valves that do not open all the way and therefore make it harder for blood to go through them |
| diastole | period of cardiac cycle when either the ventricles or the atria are relaxing |
| systole | period when either the ventricles or the atria are contracting |
Created by:
stantonk
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