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ANT Chpt 3
Anatomy Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a passive process in which a substance moves due to kinetic energy? | Diffusion |
| What is is called when substances move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration? | Diffusion |
| What is the net movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of low water concentration until equilibrium is reached? | Osmosis |
| "Hyper" means? | Alot |
| "Hypo" means? | a little |
| 1 inch = ___cm? | 2.5 |
| 10 meters = ___ cm? | 1 |
| What is Hypertonic solution? | Higher concentration of solutes |
| What is Hypotonic solution? | Lower concentration of solutes |
| What is an Isotonic solution? | A solution that maintain normal shape and volume |
| What does Hemolysis mean? | The rupture of red blood cells. Hemo=iron;lyis=to break |
| What does Crenation mean? | The shrinkage of red blood cells. |
| What is the flow of a liquid through a filter due to hydrostatic pressure? | Filtration |
| What is a solution? | The combination of a solvent(liquid) and solute(material) |
| What is a solute? | The material used in a solution |
| If the extracellular fluid contains a greater concentration of solutes than the cytosol of the cell, the extracellular fluid is said to be? | Hypertonic |
| The proteins found in the plasma membrane are primarily? | glycoproteins |
| (T/F)The proteins found in the plasma membrane allow the passage of many substances into and out of the cell. | TRUE |
| (T/F)The proteins found in the plasma membrane allow cells to recognize other cells. | TRUE |
| (T/F)The proteins found int eh plasma membrane help anchor cells to each other. | TRUE |
| To enter many body cells, glucose must bind to a specific membrane carrier protein, which assists glucose to cross the membrane without using ATP. This type of movement is known as? | Facilitated Diffusion |
| A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution undergoes? | hemolysis |
| Many white blood cells engulf bacteria through? | Phagocytosis |
| What is the process by which phagocytes ingest and destroy microbes cell debris, and other foreign matter? | Phagocytosis |
| Which organelles are involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide int he liver? | Peroxisomes |
| What process requires ATP? | active transport |
| Nicotine in cigarette smoke interferes with the ability of cells to rid the breathing passageways of debris. Which organelles are "paralyzed" by nicotine? | cilia |
| Many proteins found in the plasma membrane are formed by the ___ and packaged by the ___? | ribosomes, Golgi complex |
| Where is cellular movement done? | cytoskeleton |
| Where is selective permeability done at? | plasma membrane |
| What organelle does protein synthesis? | ribosomes |
| What organelle provides lipid synthesis, detoxification? | smooth ER |
| What organelle packages proteins? | Golgi complex |
| What organelle provides ATP production? | mitochondria |
| What digests bacteria and worn-out organelles? | lysosomes |
| What organelle forms mitotic spindles? | centrosome |
| If the smooth ER were destroyed, a cell would not be able to? | synthesis fatty acids and steroids. |
| Water moves into and out of red blood cells through? | osmosis |
| A cell undergoing mitosis goes through the following stages in which sequence? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Transcription involves | copying information contained in DNA to mRNA |
| If a DNA strand has a nitrogenous base sequence TACGA, then the sequence of bases on the corresponding mRNA would be | AUGCU |
| Nuclear envelope (membrane) and nucleoli reappear is known as what phase? | telephase |
| Centromeres of the chromatid pairsline up in the center of the mitotic spindle is known as what phase? | metaphase |
| DNA replicates during what phase? | interphase |
| Cleavage furrow splits cells into two identical cells during what phase? | cytokinesis |
| Chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell during what phase? | anaphase |
| Chromatids are attached at centromeres; mitotic spindle forms during what phase? | prophase |
| In what phase is a cell highly active and growing? | interphase |
| Movement of materials into and out of the nucleus is controlled by the? | nuclear pores |
| The basic unit of structure and function of any living organism is the ___. | cell |
| Crenation of a cell may occur when it is placed in a(n) ___ solution. | hypertonic |
| Phagocytic vesicles form by inward folding of the ___. | plasma membrane |
| Which of the following best describes the structural arrangement of the plasma membrane? | a bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded |
| Ribosomes are assembled in the ___. | nucleoli |
| Which of the following is a function of ribosomes in a rough ER? | synthesize proteins |
| Which of the following fluids is present inside of cells? | intracellular fluid (ICF) |
| Mitochondria are called the “power-houses” of the cell because their main function is ___. | ATP synthesis |
| Cellular materials are packaged for secretion by which of the following? | Golgi complex |
| If the concentration of glucose in the fluid outside a cell is lower than the concentration inside, | water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis. |
| Which of the following processes does NOT require use of cellular energy? | facilitated diffusion |
| Glucose crosses the cell membrane by ___. | facilitated diffusion |
| Which of the following is NOT a membrane-bound organelle? | ribosome |
| Which of the following functions as cell identity markers, receptors, and enzymes? | membrane proteins |
| The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is ___. | osmosis |
| Peripheral proteins are located on the inner and outer surfaces of the ___. | plasma membrane |
| Which of the following account for the movement of organelles, the migration of chromosomes during cell division, and the structure and function of cilia and flagella? | microtubules |
| Channels (pores) and transporters in the plasma membrane are composed of ___. | integral proteins |
| Most of the molecules that make up the plasma membrane are ___. | phospholipids and proteins |
| The phospholipid tails in the plasma membrane point toward | each other. |
| DNA is replicated during ___. | interphase |
| Which of the following allows charged ions and molecules to pass across the plasma membrane? | channel proteins |
| Under normal conditions, the primary cations in the cytosol of cells are ___. | potassium (K+) ions |
| A selectively permeable sealed bag containing a 10% sucrose solution is placed into a beaker containing pure water. At equilibrium, | the number of water molecules leaving and entering the bag is equal. |
| A carrier protein moves sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions across the plasma membrane by | changing shape. |
| The function of ATP in the operation of the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump is to | add a phosphate to the pump protein, thereby changing its shape. |
| In exocytosis, ___ unite with the cell membrane and release their contents to the outside of the cell. | secretory vesicles |
| Chemically, the cytosol is 75-90% ___. | water |
| Some regions of endoplasmic reticulum appear rough because of | ribosomes attached to their surfaces. |
| In mitochondria the enzymes that carry out the reactions of cellular respiration are located | on the inner folds, called cristae, and within the matrix located in the central cavity. |
| All of the following are thought to contribute to aging of the cell except: | antioxidants |
| Which of the following is a process by which malignant cells increase their own vascular supply? | angiogenesis |
| Cancer-causing genes are known as: | oncogenes |
| Numerous short projections from the surface of cells of the respiratory tract are called ___. | cilia |
| What event begins the process of translation? | The mRNA attaches to the small ribosomal subunit. |
| The process of translation terminates when | the ribosome reaches the stop codon. |
| Somatic cell division involves the nuclear division called ___. | mitosis |
| During interphase, | DNA replicates and growth and metabolism occur. |
| When cytokinesis is complete, ___ begins. | interphase |
| A noncancerous growth of cells to produce an excess of tissue is called a ___. | benign tumor |
| A carcinogen is a(n) ___. | chemical agent or radiation that causes cancer |
| In the process of aging, tissues stiffen and lose their elasticity because | irreversible cross-links form between adjacent protein molecules. |
| Substances in our diet, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, and selenium, may slow the process of aging by | inhibiting free radical formation. |
| Ribosomes are assembled in which of the following? | nucleoli |
| Which of the following directly regulates the movement of materials into and out of a cell? | plasma membrane |
| Fatty acids and steroids (e.g., estrogen and testosterone), are synthesized in which of the following? | smooth ER |
| What is the function of the smooth ER in muscle cells known as sarcoplasmic reticulum? | store calcium ions |
| Which of the following contains anticodons? | tRNA |
| Which of the following disorders means increase in size of an organ related to increase in cell number rather than increase in cell size? | hyperplasia |
| Which of the following cells have multiple nuclei? | skeletal muscle |
| The three main parts of a cell include all of the following except: | organelles |
| (T/F)All human cells will contain the same cellular structures. | FALSE |
| (T/F)Carrier proteins are used only for active transport. | FALSE |
| (T/F)During translation, the genetic information in DNA is copied to RNA. | FALSE |
| (T/F)For the process of protein synthesis, an RNA codon specifies a particular amino acid. | TRUE |
| (T/F)In passive transport processes, the net movement of substances is down their concentration gradient. | TRUE |
| (T/F)Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver are both risk factors for liver cancer. | TRUE |
| (T/F)Tumor markers are secreted by malignant cells. | FALSE |
| If the extracellular fluid contains a greater concentration of solutes than the cytosol of the cell, the extracellular fluid is said to be | hypertonic. |
| The proteins found in the plasma membrane | have all of these functions. |
| To enter many body cells, glucose must bind to a specific membrane carrier protein, which assists glucose to cross the membrane without using ATP. This type of movement is known as | facilitated diffusion. |
| A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution undergoes | hemolysis. |
| Many white blood cells engulf bacteria through | phagocytosis. |
| Which organelles are involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in the liver? | peroxisomes |
| Which of the following processes requires ATP? | active transport |
| Nicotine in cigarette smoke interferes with the ability of cells to rid the breathing passageways of debris. Which organelles are “paralyzed” by nicotine? | cilia |
| Many proteins found in the plasma membrane are formed by the ___ and packaged by the ___. | ribosomes; Golgi complex |
| Which pairing below is NOT correct? | protein synthesis, Golgi complex |
| If the smooth ER were destroyed, a cell would not be able to | synthesize fatty acids and steroids. |
| Water moves into and out of red blood cells through | osmosis. |
| A cell undergoing mitosis goes through the following stages in which sequence? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| What is it called when copying information contained in DNA to mRNA? | Transcription |
| If a DNA strand has a nitrogenous base sequence TACGA, then the sequence of bases on the corresponding mRNA would be | AUGCU |
| In what phase does the nuclear envelope (membrane) and nucleoli reappear? | telophase |
| In which phase is a cell highly active and growing? | interphase |
| Movement of materials into and out of the nucleus is controlled by the | nuclear pores. |
| Which of the following statements concerning cancer is NOT true? | Angiogenesis is the spread of cancerous cells to other parts of the body. |
Created by:
dtgs2010
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