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Anatomy Chapter7
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter7 - Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SKELETAL FUNCTIONS | TO SUPPORT, TO PROTECT, TO ASSIST IN MOVEMENT, HEMATOPOIESIS, AND TO STORAGE |
| HEMATOPOIESIS | MANUFACTURES BLOOD CELLS |
| CARTILAGE | CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN WHICH BONES DEVELOPS IN A FETUS AND IT IS FOUND AT THE END OF CERTAIN BONES AND IN JOINTS IN ADULTS. IT PROVIDES A SMOOTH SURFACE FOR ADJACENT BONES TO MOVE AGAINST EACH OTHER |
| LIGAMENT | TOUGH CONNECTIVE TISSUE STRUCTURES THAT ATTACH BONES TO BONES |
| TENDONS | TOUGH CONNECTIVE TISSUE STRUCTURES THAT ATTACH MUSCLE TO BONE |
| OSTEOBLAST | SPINDLE-SHAPED CELLS WHERE BONES DEVELOP |
| OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS | UNDEIFFERENTIATED BONE CELLS WHERE OSTEOBLAST DEVELOP |
| PERIOSTEUM | FIBROVASCULAR MEMBRANE THAT COVER A BONE |
| ENDOSTEUM | PLACE WHERE OSTEOBLAST ARE ALSO FOUND, WHICH LINES THE BONE MARROW OR MEDULLARY CAVITY |
| OSTEOCLAST | BONE CELLS PRESENT IN ALMOST ALL CAVITIES OF BONE. THEY DERIVED FROM IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS AND ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REABSORPTION OF BONE |
| OSSIFICATION | BONE GROWTH |
| TYPES OF OSSIFICATION | INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION AND ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION |
| INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION | TYPE OF OSSIFICATION IN WHICH DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES ARE REPLACED BY DEPOSITS OF INORGANIC CALCIUM SALTS, THUS FORMING BONE |
| FONTANELLE | SOFT MEMBRANCES ON TOP OF A BABY'S SKULL; SOFT SPOT |
| ENDONCHONDRAL OSSIFICTION | TYPE OF OSSIFICATION IN WHICH CARTILAGE IS THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE BONE CELLS DEVELOP |
| CALCITONIM | TYPE OF HORMONE THAT CONTROL THE CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN OUR BODIES (1) |
| PARATHORMONE | TYPE OF HORMONE THAT CONTROL THE CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN OUR BODIES (2) |
| TYPES OF BONE TISSUES | COMPACT OR DENSE BONE AND CANCELLOUS OR SPONGY BONE |
| HARVESIAN CANAL OR OSTEON | SYSTEM THAT ALLOWS FOR THE EFFECTIVE PROMINENT FEATURE OF COMPACT BONE. METABOLISM OF BONE CELLS SURROUNDED BY RINGS OF MINERAL SALTS. |
| HARVERSIAN OR CENTRAL CANALS | SMALL CANNALS CONTAINING BLOOD VESSEL THAT BRINGS IN OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS AND REMOVE WASTE PRODUCTS AND CARBON DIOXIDE |
| LAMELLA | EACH LAYER OF CONCENTRIC RING OF BONE |
| LACUNAE | TINY CAVITIES BETWEEN TWO LAMELLA OR RINGS OF BONE |
| CANALICULI | SMALLER CANALS THAT CONNECT THE LACUNAES TO THE LARGER HAVERSIAN OR CENTRAL CANALS |
| VOLKMANN'S OR PERFORATING CANALS | CANNALS RUNNING HORIZONTALLY TO THE HAVERSIAN CANALS, ALSO CONTAIN BLOOD VESSELS |
| CANCELLOUS OR SPONGY BONE | BONE LOCATED AT THE END OF LONG BONES AND FORMS THE CENTER OF ALL OTHER BONES |
| TRABECULAE | MESHWORK OF INTERCONNECTING SECTIONS OF BONES |
| RED BONE MARROW | RICHLY SUPPLIED WITH BLOOD AND CONSISTS OF BLOOD CELLS AND THEIR PRECURSORS. FUNCTION IS HEMATOPOIESES OR THE FORMATION OF RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND BLOOD PLATELETS |
| YELLOW BONE MARROW | CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONSISTING CHIEFLY OF FAT CELLS |
| BONES SHAPE | LONG, SHORT, FLAT, IRREGULAR, AND SESAMOID |
| LONG BONES | BONE THAT CONSISTS OF A SHAFT OR DIAPHYSIS, A FLARED PROTION ATH EEND OF THE DIAPHYSIS CALLED A METAPHYSIS, AND TWO EXTREMITIES CALLED EPIPHYSES. CLAVICLE, HUMERUS, RADIUS, ULNA, FEMUR, TIBIA, AND FIBULA AS WELL AS THE PHALANGES, METACARPALS, METATARSALS |
| MEDULLA CAVITY | THE INTERIOR OF THE SHAFT FILLED WITH YELLOW BONE MARROW |
| SHORT BONES | BONES WITH A IRREGULAR SHAPE. CARPAL BONES OF THE WRIST AND TARSAL BONES OF THE FOOT |
| FLAT BONES | BONES THAT ARE FLAT AND SERVE TO PROTECT OR PROVIDE EXTENSIVE MUSCLE ATTACHMENT. BONES OF THE CRANIUM, THE RIBS, SCAPULA, AND PART OF THE HIPBONE |
| IRREGULAR BONES | BONES THAT HAVE A VERY PECULIAR OR IRREGULAR SHAPE. VERTEBRAE AND THE OSSICLES OF THE EAR |
| SESAMOID BONES | BONES THAT ARE SMALL ROUNDED ENCLOSED IN TENDON AND FASCIAL TISSUE NEAR JOINTS. THE LARGEST ONE IS THE PATELLA OR KNEECAP. BONES OF THE WRIST AND ANKLE CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS SESAMOID OR SHORT BONES |
| PROCESSES | CERTAIN PROJECTIONS OR PROMINANCES IN THE SURFACE OF ANY TYPICAL BONE. |
| FOSSAE | CERTAIN DEPRESSION OR CAVITY IN THE SURFACE OF ANY TYPICAL BONE |
| TYPE OF PROCESSES | SPINE, CONDYLE, TURBECLE, TROCHLEA, TROCHANTER, CREST, LINE, HEAD, AND NECK |
| SPINE | ANY SHARP, SLENDER PROJECTION SYSH AS STHE SPINOUS PROCESS OF A VERTEBRA |
| CONDYLE | A ROUNDED OR KNUCLE-LIKE PROMINENCE |
| TUBERCLE | A SMALL ROUND PROCESS LIKE THE LESSER TURBECLE OF THE HUMERUS |
| TROCHLEA | A PROCESS SHAPED LIKE A PULLEY AS IN THE TRICHLEA OF THE HUMERUS |
| TROCHANTER | A VERY LARGE PROJECTION LIKE THE GREATER AND LESSER TROCHANTER OF THE FEMUR |
| CREST | A NARROW RIDGE OF BONE LIKE THE ILIAC CREST OF THE HIP BONE |
| LINE | A LESS PROMINENT RIDGE OF BONE THAN A CREST |
| HEAD | A TERMINAL ENLARGEMENT LIKE THE HEAD OF THE HUMERUS AND THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR |
| NECK | THAT PART OF A BONE THAT CONNECTS THE HEAD OR TERMINAL ENLARGEMENT TO THE REST OF THE BONE |
| TYPE OF FOSSAE | SUTURE, FORAMEN, MEATUS OR CANAL, SINUS OR ANTRUM, SULCUS |
| SUTURE | A NARROW JUNCTION OFTEN FOUND BETWEEN TWO BNES LIKE THE SUTURES OF THE SKULL |
| FORAMEN | AN OPENING TRHOUGH WHICH BLOOD VESSEL, NERVESM AND LIGAMENTS PASS |
| MEATUS OR CANAL | A LONG TUBE-LIKE PASSAGE |
| SINUS OR ANTRUM | A CAVITY WITHIN A BONE LIKE THE NASAL SINUSES OR FRONTAL SINUS |
| SULCUS | A FURROW OR GROOVE LIKE THE INTERTUBERCULAR SULCUS |
| DIVISION OF THE SKELETON | AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR SKELETON |
| AXIAL SKELETON | SKELETON THAT CONSIST OF THE SKULL, THE HYOID BONE, THE VERTEBRAE, THE RIBS, AND THE STERNUM |
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