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WVSOM Back
WVSOM -- Back in the Nutshell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Splenius Capitus | O: Nuchal ligament & s.p. c7-t3-4 I: mastoid region & lateral 1/3 of sup nuchal line N:Dorsal rami of spinal nerves B: bend/rotate head; extend head w/ splenius cervicis |
| Splenius cervicis | O: s.p. of t4-t6 I: Transverse process of c1-c3/4 N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves B: bend/rotate head; extend head w/ splenius capitis |
| Levatores costarum | O: ribs I: brevis-t.p. of vertebrae superior to origin; longus-t.p. of vertebrae 2 segments superior to origin N: Dorsal rami of spinal nerve B: elevate ribs; assist inspiration |
| Longissimus capitis | O: basilar part of occiput I: anterior tubercle of transverse process of c3-c6 N: ventral rami c1-c3 B: flexes head |
| Quadratus lumborum | O: if border of 12th rib & tp of lumber vertebrae I: iliolumbar ligament & internal lip of iliac crest N: vetral rami t12-l4 B: Extends and sidebends vertebrae |
| External intercostals | O: inferior border of ribs I: superior border of ribs N: intercostals nerves B: elevate ribs; assist inspiration |
| Longissimus thoracis | O:lumbar transverse processes I: all thoracic tp & inf 8 ribs b/t the angle of the tubercle N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves B: unilateral – sidebending Bilateral -- extends spine & head stabilize trunk and neck; control head and spine flexion |
| Spinalis (thoracis, cervicis & capitus) | O: sp of a thoracic or cervical vertebrae I: more superior spinous process or skull N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves ERECTOR SPINALIS |
| Longissimus capitis | O: articular process of c5-t4/5 I: mastoid process N: dorsal rami B: unilateral – sidebending; bilateral – extends spine & head; stabilize trunk and neck; control head and spine flexion |
| Longissimus cervicis | O: tr process of upper thoracic vert I: posterior tubercles of c2-c6 N: dorsal rami B: unilateral – sidebending Bilateral -- extends spine & head stabilize trunk and neck; control head and spine flexion |
| Iliocostalis thoracis | O: aponeurosis I: tv processes of c4-6 N: Dorsal rami B: Unilateral – sidebending; bilateral – extend spine & head; stabilize trunk & neck; control head and spine flexion |
| Iliocostalis lumborum | O: iliac crest, PSIS, thoracolumbar fascia I: tv processes of lumbar vert N: dorsal rami B: unilateral – sidebending; bilateral – extend spine & head; stabilize trunk & neck; control head & spine flexion |
| Semispinalis | O: tv processes of thoracic and cervical I: spinous processes of cervical & thoracic vert 4-6 N: Dorsal rami B: extend head, cervical & thoracic regions; offers little rotation |
| Iliocosatlis cervicis | O: aponeurosis I: tv processes of c4-c6 N: dorsal rami B: unilateral – sidebending; bilateral – extend spine & head; stabilize trunk & neck; control head & spine flexion |
| Rotatores | O: tv process of vertebrae (most in thor) I: spinous processes of vert 1-2 vertebral segments sup to their origin N: dorsal rami B: highest rotator action; sensory organs stabilize vert; |
| Multifidis | O: sacrum/mammillary processes of t12-l5; tp of thoracic vert& articular process of cervical to c4 I: spinous process of vertebrae 2-4 vertebrae sup. To origin N: Dorsal Rami B: major ext andposterior stab of lumb vert; min rotaory action |
| Demifacet | Articulates with the costal head located on the vertebral bodies of thoracic vertebrae |
| Thoracolumbar Fascia | Extensive, multidimensional sheet of connective tissue that limits movement when it is pulled upon by the muscles attaching to it. |
| Mammillary Process | On lumbar vertebrae; it is an attachment site for multifidus muscle and one of the transverseospinalis muscle |
| Transverse Costal Facet | Near the tip of the transverse process that articulates with the rib tubercle |
| Saggital Crest | Spinous processes of the sacrum that are fused together. |
| Ala | “wing”; portion of sacrum lateral to the anterior sacral foramina |
| Epidural Anaesthesia | Inserted into the sacral hiatus without actually entering the meningeal covering. Anethesia then bathes the spinal nerve rami as they exit forimina |
| Auricular Surface | Lateral side of sacrum that is rough and articulates with the two iliac bones at the sacroiliac joints. |
| Triangle of Auscultation | Lateral margin of trapezius muscle, superior margin of the latissimus muscle and medial edge of scapula |
| Spondylolisthesis | Boney portion (isthmus) between articular facets of LV5 may separate producing spondylosys. L5 will tend to move forward on the sacrum with stretching and fatigue |
| Cutaneous Nerves | Innervates the skin and bridges the skin and deep fascia |
| Latissimus Dorsi Muscle | O: spinous processes T vertebrae; lateral margin of toracolumbar fascia, and iliac crests I: Humerous N: thoracodorsal nerve (c6-8) B: Pulls shoulder into adduction, humerus into slight extension |
| Serratus Posterior Inferior | O: spinous processes T11-L2 I: Costal angle of last 3-4 ribs N: intercostals nevers t9-t12 B: Inhalation |
| Trapezius | O: external occipital protuberance and spinous process of t12 I: Clavicle, scapular spine, and acromion N: spinal accessory nerve B: elevation of scapula, retraction and depression of scapula |
| Greater Occipital Nerve | Dorsal ramus of c2; goes thru semispinalis capitis. |
| Levator Scapulae | O: tp of c1-4 I: superomedial border of scapula N: dorsal scapular nerve – C5 (ventral rami) B: Elevate scapula |
| Rhomboid Major | O: sp c5-t5 I: border of scapula N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (c5) B: retraction of scapula |
| Rhomboid Minor | O: nuchal ligament I: superior angle of scapula N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (c5) B: Retration of scapula |
| Dorsal Scapular Artery/Vein/Nerve | Embedded in a sheet of connective tissue that surrounds the scapula along its medial border |
| Serratus Posterior Superior | O: aponeurosis neuchal ligament; sp c7-t2 I: 2-4 or 5 ribs near costal angle N: intercostals nerves t1-t4 B: |
| Erector spinae Aponeurosis | Longissimus and iliocostalis columns arise from the sacrum here. |
| Erector Spinae | Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinae B: extension of trunk or hold trunk stable in flexion. |
| Levatores Costarum | O: Transverse processes; brevis (1 rib); longus (2 ribs) I: Rib N: ventral rami B: |
| Transversospinalis Muscles | Multifidis Rotatores Semispinalis B: extensor; posterior stabilizer |
| External Intercostal Muscle | Outermost fibers in the intercostals space |
| Quadratus lumborum | O: iliac crest I: lumbar transverse process;12th rib N: ventral rami B: sidebending of lower back |
| Costotransverse Ligaments | short fibrous band that connects the dorsal surface of the neck of a rib with the anterior surface of the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra. |
| Intertransverse ligaments | Ligament between transverse process of t11-12 and lumbar vertebrae |
| Cancer spread and spinal cord | Vertebral plexus may transfer cancer cells due to numerous connections between pelvis, abd, thorax, neck and head. Veins are valveless. Intraabdominal pressure during defecation and sneezing result in rapid flow of blood. |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | Resides in subarachnoid space |
| Denticulate Ligament | Thing process that anchorse the pia to the arachnoid and dura throu 21 sawtooth-like projections. Attach the dura between the spinal nerve roots. |
| Dorsal Root Ganglion | Cell bodies for afferent neurons and sits in intervertebral foramen covered by dura. |
| Lumbar Cistern | L2-S2; continuation of subarachnoid space within the dural sac; contains CSF, nerve roots; location of lumbar puncture |
| Reflex Path | 1. Sensory information from periphery 2. Dorsal/Ventral Rami 3. Spinal Nerve 4. Dorsal root 5. Dorsal horn 6. Interneurons 7. Cell bodies in ventral grey horn 8. 3° neurons exit via ventral root 9. Spinal nerve 10. Dorsal Ventral rami 11. Skelet |
Created by:
tjamrose
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