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Greek Mythology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Titans | The first race of mythological giants: born to Mother Earth and Father Sky |
| Pantheon | Children and grandchildren of the Titans; the main ruling panel; also called the Olympians |
| Mount Olympus | The mountain on which the Pantheon lives |
| Elysian Fields | Place in the underworld where heroes are sent as a reward to fight battles eternally |
| River Styx | RIver that has to be crossed to get to the Underworld |
| Underworld | Gloomy place where all Greeks go when they die; punishment is given based on each person's sins |
| Uranus | Father Sky; imprisoned his children inside their Mother Earth |
| Gaea | Mother Earth; wife of Uranus |
| Kronos | Swallowed his children to keep them from over-throwing him; eventually his son Zeus over threw him Roman Name- Saturn |
| Rhea | Wife of Kronos |
| The Furies | 3 ugly goddesses of vengeance; helped determine people's punishment in the Underworld, especially for familial crimes |
| The Fates | 3 sisters who determined the destinies of humans by weaving a tapestry of each person's life |
| Zeus | King of the gods and goddesses; god of thunder and lightning Roman Name- Jupiter |
| Hera | Queen of the gods and goddesses; Zeus's very jealous wife Roman Name- Juno |
| Hades | God of the underworld Roman Name- Pluto |
| Poseidon | God of the sea Roman Name- Neptune |
| Aphrodite | Goddess of love and beauty; famous for punishing beautiful women Roman Name- Venus |
| Ares | God of war and violence Roman Name- Mars |
| Hephaestus | Deformed god of fire and blacksmithing; married to Aphrodite Roman Name- Vulcan |
| Demeter | Goddess of grain, harvest, and fertility; sister of Poseidon Roman Name- Ceres |
| Artemis | Goddess of the moon and the hunt Roman Name- Diana |
| Apollo | God of the sun, light, healing, music, and poetry; responsibly for carrying the sun across the sky Roman Name- Apollo |
| Athena | Goddess of wisdom, domestic arts, and war strategies; does not like women and is repulsed by the idea of marriage and children |
| Eros | God of love; Aphrodite's son Roman Name- Cupid |
| Hermes | Messenger of the gods; god of commerce; patron of liars, gamblers, and dishonest people Roman Name- Mercury |
| Prometheus | Creator of man; Punished for giving man fire by being chained to a mountain and having a vulture rip out his liver dailyq |
| Epimetheus | Mentally slow brother of Prometheus; responsible for giving each creature its gifts and talents for survival; married to Pandora |
| Pandora | first mortal woman created by the gods; curiosity caused her to open a box she was not supposed to releasing disease, misery, and corruption |
| Dionysus | God of wine and merriment Roman Name- Bacchus |
| Persephone | Queen of the Underworld; forced to live there 6 months each year because she ate 6 pomegranate seeds while there; story explains the seasons |
| Charon | Ferries people across the River Styx if they have a gold coin |
| Hestia | Goddess of the hearth and home; one of Zeus's sisters Roman Name- Vesta |
| Echo | Nymph who was punished for talking too much by having to repeat the last words a person says |
| Narcissus | Vain man who fell in love with his own reflection and was turned into a flower |
| Phaethon | Apollo's foolish son who scorched the earth when he drove the sun too close to it; His story explains the different races and climates of the world |
| Daedalus | Great architect who created the maze where the minotaur lived; was punished for helping a prisoner find his way out |
| Icarus | Daedalus's son; foolish boy who flew too close to the sun and melted his wax wings |
| Arachne | Gifted weaver who was turned into a spider by Athena |
| Hercules | Strongest man in the universe; completed 12 labors as punishment for killing his family |
| Achilles | Greatest warrior in Greece; his mother dipped all but his heels in the River Styx to protect him; he died from an arrow wound to his unprotected heel |
| Phidippide | Fastest runner in Greece; died at the city gates after saying nike which means victory |
| Pan | God of the fields and meadows; a satyr who is greatly feared because he captures women alone in the woods and ravishes them |
| Midas | King who was given a special gift to turn everything he touched into gold; he later regretted it when it made life difficult |
| Cerberus | Three headed dog that guards the gates of the underworld |
| Minotaur | Part man part bull who lived in a maze who ate humans who were forced to enter by the king |
| Centaur | Part man part horse; fierce and loves to fight |
| Satyr | Part man part goat; gentle most of the time and likes music |
| Sirens | Part women part bird; lured sailors with their beautiful voices to crash on the rocks so they could eat them; also called harpies |
| Medusa | Monster who was once a beautiful woman; changed into a creature with snakes for hair and a stare that would turn you to stone |
| Pegasus | White winged horse; born from the blood of Medusa |
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