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Chapter 5
The Human Body: An Oreintation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
abdominal cavity | is the space between the abdominal walls, above the pelvis, and below the diaphragm |
Body cavity | spaces that hold organs |
cardiovascular system | Body system that includes the heart and blood vessels; circulatory system. |
connective tissue | Fibrous substance that forms the body’s supportive framework |
anterior/ventral | At or toward the front of the body |
Cell | the entire body is made of |
blood system | Body system that includes blood and all its component parts |
coronal plane | it divides the body into the anterior and posterior positions also known as frontal plane |
cranial cavity | Space in the head that contains the brain |
deep | Away from the surface |
diaphragm | Muscle that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
digestive system | Body system that includes all organs of digestion and waste excretion |
distal | Away from the point of attachment to the trunk |
dorsal cavity | is on the back side of the body and contains the cranial and spinal cavities |
endocrine system | Body system that includes glands which secrete hormones to regulate certain body functions |
epigastic region | Area of the body immediately above the stomach. |
epithelial tissue | Tissue that covers or lines the body or its parts |
frontal plane | Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions |
hypochondriac regions | Left and right regions of the body just below the cartilage of the ribs and immediately above the abdomen. |
hypogastric region | Area of the body just below the umbilical region |
iliac/inguinal regions | Left and right regions of the body near the upper portion of the hip bone |
Inferior | Below another body structure |
integumentary system | Body system that includes skin, hair, and nails |
lateral plane | is parallel to the medial plane and divides the body into left and right sections |
left lower quadrant (LLQ) | Quadrant on the lower left anterior side of the body |
left upper quadrant | Quadrant on the upper left anterior side of the body |
lumbar region | the left and right regions of the body in the back and sides between the lowest ribs and the pelvis |
lymphatic/immune system | body system that includes the lymph, glands of the lymphatic system, lymphatic vessels, and the specific and nonspecific defenses of the immune system |
medial | At or near the middle of the body |
midsagittal plane | Imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves |
muscle tissue | Tissue that is able to expand and contract |
musculoskeletal system | Body system that includes muscles, bones, and cartilage |
Nerve | Bundle of neurons that bear electrical messages to the organs and muscles of the body |
nervous system | Body system that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and controls most body functions by sending and receiving messages |
nervous tissue | Specialized tissue that forms nerve cells and is capable of transmitting messages |
Organ | groups of tissue that work together to perform a specific function |
pelvic cavity | The body space below the abdominal cavity that includes the reproductive organs |
posterior cavity | At or toward the back of the body |
posterior/dorsal | At or toward the back of the body |
prone | Lying on the stomach with the face down |
proximal | At or near the point of attachment to the trunk |
reproductive system | Either the male or female body system that controls reproduction |
respiratory system | Body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing |
right lower quadrant (RLQ) | Quadrant on the lower right anterior side of the body |
right upper quadrant (RUQ) | Quadrant on the upper right anterior side of the body |
sagittal/lateral plane | Imaginary line that divides the body into right and left portions |
sensory system | Body system that includes the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems involved in the reactions of the five senses |
spinal cavity | Body space that contains the spinal cord |
superficial | At or near the surface |
superior | Above another body structure |
supine | Lying on the spine facing upward |
system | Any group of organs and ancillary parts that work together to perform a major body function |
thoracic cavity | The body space above the abdominal cavity that contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels |
tissue | Any group of cells that work together to perform a single function |
transverse plane | Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally |
umbilical regoin | Area of the body surrounding the umbilicus |
urinary system | Body system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
ventral cavity | is in the front of the body and contains the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities |