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Appendicular
Appendicular Skeleton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What bones make up the pectoral girdle? | Clavicle and Scapula |
| What is the 'S' shaped bone, where the superior side is smooth and the inferior side is marked w/ groves and ridges for muscle attachments? | Clavicle |
| What is the rounded, hammer-like head on the clavicle called? | Sternal end |
| What is the flattened end of the clavicle called? | Acromial end |
| What is the rough tuberosity near the end of the clavicle called? | Conoid tubercle (for ligament attachment) |
| What is the triangular plate of the pectoral girdle that has 3 borders/sides/angles? | Scapula |
| What are the 3 borders of the scapula called? | Superior border(top), Medial border(towards the mid-line), and the Lateral border(away from mid-line). |
| What are the 3 angles of the scapula called? | Superior angle(top), Lateral angle(away from mid-line), and Inferior angle(bottom). |
| What is located on the superior border of the scapula and provides passage for a nerve? | Suprascapular notch |
| What is the broad anterior surface of the scapula called? | Subscapular fossa |
| What is the shelf on the posterior side of the scapula called? | Scapular spine |
| What is the depression above the scapular spine called? And what is the depression below the spine called? | Supraspinous fossa(above) and Infraspinous fossa |
| On the lateral angle of the scapula- what is the plate-like extension that is the only point of attachment of the arm and scapula to the axial skeleton called? | Acromion |
| What is the finger-like extension on the scapula that is the proximal attachment for the biceps and other muscles called? | Coracoid process |
| What is the shallow socket for the head of the humerus on the scapula called? | Glenoid fossa (cavity) |
| The brachium region holds what bone? | Humerus (Upper-Arm:Humeral joint to elbow) |
| The antebrachium region holds what bone(s)? | Ulna and Radius (lower arm: elbow to wrist) |
| The carpus region contains what bone(s)? | Carpals-8 (wrist bones) |
| The manus region consists of what bone(s)? | Metacarpals-5 (hand) |
| The digits region consists of what bone(s)? | Phalanges-14 (fingers & thumb) #1(thumb)= 2 phalanx #2-#5(little finger)= 3 phalanx each |
| What is the smooth large ball on the medial proximal portion of the humerus called? | Head of Humerus |
| On the humerus, what is the groove around the head called? | Anatomical Neck |
| What is the knob on the lateral proximal end of the humerus called? | Greater Tubercle |
| What is the small knob on the anterior proximal end of the humerus called? | Lesser Tubercle |
| What is the common fracture site of the humerus, located just below the tubercles called? | Surgical Neck |
| What is the rough area on the humerus that is the site for attachment of the deltoid muscle called? | Deltoid Tuberosity |
| On the distal lateral end of the humerus, what is the condyle that articulates with the radius and is covered with cartilage called? | Capitulum(shaped like a flat tire) |
| On the medial distal end of the humerus- what is the condyle that articulates with the ulna and is covered in cartilage called? | Trochlea(putty-like) |
| What is proximal to the condyle and is the site of attachment for all the dorsal forearm muscles-wrist and finger extensors? | Lateral Epicondyle |
| What is proximal to the condyle and is the site of attachment for all the ventral forearm muscles-wrist and finger flexors? | Medial Epicondyle |
| What is the medial anterior pit of the humerus, that accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is flexed called? | Coronoid Fossa |
| What is the lateral anterior pit of the humerus called? | Radial Fossa |
| What is the posterior pit of the humerus that accommodates the olecranon of the ulna when the elbow is flexed called? | Olecranon Fossa |
| What is the smaller of the two lower arm bones; lateral(thumb) side and looks like a golf tee? | Radius |
| What is the proximal end of the radius that rotates freely on the humerus called? | Head of Radius |
| Distal to the head of the radius- what is the rough knob on the medial side of the shaft called? | Radial Tuberosity(attachment for the biceps brachii muscle) |
| What is the lateral bony point on the distal end of the radius called? | Styloid process |
| What are the two shallow depressions on the distal end of the radius that articulate with the scaphoid and lunate bones called? | Articular Facets |
| Whats on the medial distal end of the radius that articulates with the end of the ulna? | Ulnar Notch |
| What is the larger of the two lower arm bones and looks like a wrench? | Ulna |
| What is the deep C shaped proximal end of the ulna called? | Trochlear Notch |
| What is on the posterior side of the trochlear notch of the ulna and is the bony point where you rest your elbow? | Olecranon Process |
| What is the anterior side of the proximal end of the ulna called? | Coronoid Process |
| What is the tiny process at the most distal end of the ulna? | Styloid Process |
| What are the carpals in the proximal row(from lateral to medial) called? | Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, and Pisiform(sesamoid bone) |
| What are the carpals on the distal row (lateral to medial) called? | Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, and Hamate |
| What are the 5 long bones that form the palm of hand called? | Metacarpals (5) #1(thumb)...#5(pinky) |
| What are the bones of the fingers called and how are they described as? | Phalanges(2 on the thumb/3 in the fingers) Described as: proximal,middle,& distal Numbered as: I(thumb),II, III, IV, V(pinky) |
| What does the Pelvis Girdle support and protect? | Supports the trunk on the legs and protects the viscera of the pelvic cavity |
| What does the Pelvis Girdle consist of? | 2-os Coxae and the Sacrum (3 bones total) |
| What does the Pelvic Girdle consist of? | 2-os Coxae and NO Sacrum |
| Each os coxae joined to the vertebral column by what? | Sacroiliac Joint |
| On the anterior side of the pelvis, the right and left pubic bones are joined by a pad of fibrocartilage called the_________? | Pubic Symphysis |
| What is the portion of the pelvis that is superior to the arcuate line called? | False Pelvis(or greater pelvis) |
| What is the region inferior to the arcuate line of the pelvis called? | True Pelvis(or lesser pelvis) |
| What is the round region that separates the true and false pelvis called? | Pelvic Inlet (the superior most margin of the true pelvis) |
| What is the inferior margin of the true pelvis called? | Pelvic Outlet |
| Adult os coxae/or coxal bones are formed by the fusion of what 3 childhood bones? | Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis |
| What is the largest bone that extends outward from the acetabulum and is the most superior fan shaped bone of the ox coxae? | Ilium |
| What is the superior ridge of the hip? | Iliac Crest (hands on your hips = hands on your iliac crest) |
| What is the most anterior point on the ilium? | Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) |
| What is inferior to the anterior point of the ilium? | Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) |
| What is the most posterior point if the ilium? | Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS) |
| What is inferior to the posterior point of the ilium? | Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS) |
| What is the anteromedial surface of the ilium that is smooth and slightly concaved? | Iliac Fossa |
| The ______ surface of the ilium is roughened for the attachment of muscles. | Posterolateral |
| What is the solid, rough bone on the posterior side of the ilium? | Ischium |
| What is the pointy projection on the ischium called? | Ischial Spine |
| What is the deep notch on the ischium just below the PIIS- that allows nerves to pass through to the legs called? | Greater Sciatic Notch |
| What is the small notch/indentation inferior to the ischial spine called? | Lesser Sciatic Notch |
| What is the rough/thick lower corner of the ischium -that supports people as they sit called? | Ischial Tuberosity |
| The ramus of the ischium joins the inferior of the ______ anteriorly. | Pubis |
| What is the projection most anterior portion of the os coxae that is 'V' shaped with a superior and inferior ramus and a triangular body? | Pubis |
| What is the hip socket called? And what bones does it lie in? | Acetabulum- is part of the ilium, ischium, and pubis |
| What is the large round triangular hole below the acetabulum? | Obturator Foramen |
| The Thigh(upper leg) region hold what bone? | Femur (hip to knee) |
| The Crus(lower leg) region contains what bone(s)? | Tibia and Fibula (knee to ankle) |
| The Tarsus(ankle) region consists of what bones? | Calcaneus, Talus, and Navicular (ankle joint) |
| The Pes(foot) region consists of what bones? | Tarsal bones (7) and Metatarsals (5) |
| The Digits(toes) region houses what bones? | Phalanges (14) |
| What is the thigh bone that bows forward slightly? | Femur |
| What is the ball on the medial proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum? | Head of Femur |
| What is the pit in the head of the femur- where the ligament teres extends from the acetabulum called? | Fovea Capitus |
| What is the constriction distal from the head of the femur called? | Neck of Femur |
| What is the large knob opposite from the head of the femur called? | Greater Trochanter (insertions for powerful muscles of the hip) |
| What is the knob just below the head of the femur called? | Lesser Trochanter (insertions for powerful muscles of the hip) |
| Trochanters are connected on the anterior side of the femur by a thick oblique ridge called________. | Intertrochanteric Crest |
| What is the smooth projection on the medial side of the distal end of the femur called? | Medial Condyle |
| What is the projection on the lateral side of the distal end of the femur called? | Lateral Condyle |
| On the distal ends of the femur- what flares out and serves as the sites of attachments for muscle and ligament attachments? | Medial and Lateral Epicondyles |
| What is the triangular sesamoid bone that has a pair of articular facets on its posterior surface? | Patella (kneecap) |
| What is the ONLY weight bearing bone of the Crural region? | Tibia |
| What are the two fairly flat surfaces on the broad superior head of the tibia called? | Lateral and Medial Condyles |
| Condyles of the tibia articulate with the condyles of the ______. | Femur |
| Whats on the medial distal end of the tibia? | Medial Malleolus |
| What is the smaller bone of the lower leg that does NOT bear any weight? | Fibula |
| What is on the distal end of the fibula on the lateral side? | Lateral Malleolus |
| The proximal end of the fibula is called the _______. | Fibular Head |
| What bones comprises the proximal row of the tarsals? | Calcaneus, Talus, and Navicular |
| What is the largest tarsal bone that forms the heel? (Achilles tendons attach here) | Calcaneus |
| What is the second largest bone of the tarsal that articulates with the tibia inferiorly, and the navicular anteriorly? | Talus |
| What are the bones on the Distal row of the Tarsals? (from medial to lateral) | 1. 1st Cuneiform : Medial Cuneiform 2. 2nd Cuneiform : Intermediate Cuneiform 3. 3rd Cuneiform : Lateral Cuneiform 4. Cuboid (the largest) |
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Anniemal
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