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WVSOM -- Anatomy
Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen and Pancreas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the largest internal organ of the body? | Liver |
| What does the liver occupy? | almost all of the right hypochondrium, epigastrium and extends into teh left hypochondrium |
| How are substances from the GI tract initially conveyed to the liver? | portal vein |
| What substance isn't transported thru the portal vein? | fatty acids |
| Ligaments of liver | coronary ligament faliciform ligament Ligamentum teres |
| What is contained within the hepatoduodenal ligament? | portions of the bile duct, hepatic artery and portal vein |
| Lesser omentum can be divided in two regions | Hepatogastric ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament |
| What separates the right lobe from the quadrate lobe? | GALLBLADDER |
| 4 Lobes of the liver | caudate lobe quadrate lobe right lobe left lobe |
| What separates the caudate lobe from the right lobe | inferior vena cava |
| What separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe? | Fissure for Ligamentum Venosum |
| What does the ligamentum teres come from embryonically? | obliterated umbilical vein |
| What is the functional unit of the liver | Hepatic lobules |
| What does the gallbladder do? | Stores and concentrates bile |
| What does bile do? | emulsifies fat |
| cystic duct | Duct of the gall bladder |
| common bile duct | Where the common hepatic duct merges with the cystic duct |
| Common hepatic duct | where the left and right hepatic duct merge |
| Hepatopancreatic Ampulla | Where main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct meet to meet the duodenal papilla |
| Where is pancreas located? | Retroperitoneal inferior to the stomach |
| Endocrine function of the pancreas | Insulin and glucagon form islets of langerhans |
| Exocrine function of the pancreas | pancreatic juices from acinar cells |
| What is the largest lymphatic organ? | spleen |
| What does the spleen do? | filters blood, destroys worn out RBCs, produces lymphocytes, macrophages and antibodies |
| What is anterior to the spleen? | stomach |
| What is posterior to the spleen? | left part of diaphragm adn ribs 9-11 |
| What is inferior to the spleen? | Left colic flexure |
| What is medial to the pancreas? | Left kidney |
| Celiac trunk branches of arteries | left gastric artery Splenic Artery Common Hepatic Artery |
| What are the common hepatic artery branches? | Gastroduodenal artery Proper hepatic artery |
| What are the branches of teh proper hepatic artery? | Left hepatic artery Right hepatic artery |
| Cystic artery comes off of _____________ | right hepatic artery within the cystohepatic triangle |
| Pancreas receives blood from | Celiac Trunk and superior mesenteric artery |
| Hepatic Portal Vein is formed by ___________ | the union of the superior mesenteric vein with the splenic vein. |
| Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain into? | The splenic vein |
| Where is blood drained from the liver? | Hepatic Veins drain into the inferior vena cava |
| What is the portal triad? | Branch of the hepatic artery Branch of the bile duct Portal vein |
| Does the portal vein have valves? | NO |
| What happens when hepatocytes are destroyed? | replaced by scar tissue, increasing the pressure in teh portal circulation |
| What is portal hypertention? | increased pressure in portal circulation caused by scar tissue |
| Where do the tributaries of the portal vein establish anastomosis? | Superior & Inferior Vena Cavae - these collateral routes can be used to shunt blood around a Portal Vein obstruction |
| What are the early signs of cirrhosis? | Water accumulates in legs due to decreased albuin. Decrease in production of clotting factos such as fibrogen so more bruising. Buildup of bilirubin results in jaundice. Change in mental status due to inability to clean toxins |
| Esophageal varices occur due to _________. | systemic anastomoses of cirrhosis. build up in these veins due to increased pressure |
| Internal hemmorhoids are caused by | portal hypertension |
| Esophageal varices cause death due to | becoming so swollen and engorged with blood that their walls become thin and very fragile |
| Portal hypertension treatment | diverting blood from the portal vein to the canal system |
| TIPS | Tranjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt |
| CAPUT MEDUSA | The small veins around the Ligamentum Teres communicate with the Portal Vein |
Created by:
tjamrose
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