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Unit 2G
Special Senses and Receptors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Structures that are specialized to recieve enviromental stimuli and generate nerve impulses | Receptors |
| Receptors initiate nerve impulses; these impulses are then conducted to the ? | CNS |
| Sensation and the interpretation of stimuli are dependent on interpretation of the ? | Brain |
| How many types of receptors are there ? | 6 |
| The 6 types of receptors | Chemoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors , Proprioceptors , Thermoreceptors, Pain receptors, Photoreceptors. |
| Type of receptor that are sensitive to chemical substances in the immediate are ? | Chemoreceptors |
| Type of receptor that are stimulated by mechanical forces, like pressure | Mechanoreceptors |
| Type of receptor that sense the degree of muscle contraction, the movement of ligaments , and the stretch of tendons | Proprioceptors |
| Type of receptor that are stimulated by changes in temprature | Thermoreceptors |
| Type of receptors that sense pain and what are thy also called | Pain Receptors, Nociceptors |
| The 2 types of senses are ? | Somatic senses and Special senses |
| Senses that are associated with the skin, muscles, and joints are called | Somatic senses |
| Proprioception is the sense of knowing ? | the position of the limbs |
| Senses organs for taste, smell, vision, equilibrium and hearing are called | Special senses |
| The skin contains receptors for? (TPPT) | Touch, Pressure, Pain , Temperature |
| In the skin ________ occurs when a receptors becomes accustomed to the stimulation and stops generating nervous impulses, even tho the stimulus is still preasent | Adaptation |
| example of adaptation ? | after putting on a sock , we no longer feel its preasence |
| ___ ___ are groupings of cells found in the tongue ______, and open at a taste ____. | Taste buds, epithelium, pore |
| 5 types of taste | Bitter, Sour, Sweet, Salty, Umami, |
| where are each type of taste located on the tongue ? | THEY ARE EVERYWHERE |
| what is our sense of smell dependent on | Olfactory cells |
| where are the olfactory cells found ? | on the roof of the nasal cavity |
| Olfactory cells are ________ neurons | Modified |
| The eye ball is and _______ sphere about ____ cm in Diameter | elongated, 2.5 |
| 3 layers or coats of the eyeball ? | Sclera, Choroid, Retina |
| The outer layer of the Eyeball | Sclera |
| The Sclera is (COLOR?) and fibrous execept for the transparent _____. | White, Cornea |
| The cornea is known as the ? | Window of the eye |
| The middle layer of the eyeball is the | Choroid |
| The Choroid is dark, thin (COLOR?)layer, is vascular and absorbs ____ light rays | Brown, stray |
| Towards the front the chorioid _____ and forms the ring shaped____ bodies | thickens, Ciliary |
| The ciliary bodies contain the ciliary ____ , which controls the _____ of the lens for near and far vision. | Muscles, shape |
| The Choroid becomes a thin, circular, muscular _____ diaphargm called the ___ | pigmented, iris |
| What part of the Eye/Choroid regulates the size of the pupil ? | Iris |
| the hole in the center of the iris through which light passes into the eyeball is called ? | Pupil |
| The lens, attached to the ciliary body via _____, divides the cavity of the eye into ___ smaller cavities( Posterior and anterior Cavities ) | Ligaments, 2 |
| The Posterior Cavity lies behind the ___ | Lens |
| Clear gelatinous material that fills the posterior cavity is called | Vitreous Humor |
| The anterior cavity lies posterior to the ____ and anterior to the _____ | Cornea, Lens |
| The clear WATERY fluid that fills the the Anterior cavity is called | Aqueous Humor |
| The inner layer of the eye that contains Rods and Cones is called the | Retina |
| The fibers of the ganglionic cells pass in front of the retina , forming the ____ nerve , which pierces the____ of the eye as it exits posterior toward the _____. | Optic, layers, brain. |
| There are NO ___ or ___ where the optic nerve passes through the retina . This is called ____ _____ where vision is impossible. | cons,rods, blindspot(Optic disc) |
| The retina contains a very special region that contains ONLY cones this special region is called | Fovea Centrallis |
| In the Fovea Centrallis vision is most | acute |
| which disease do the capillaries to the retina burst and blood spills into the vitreous humor. This blinds many people between 20-72 years old | Diabetic Retinopathy |
| what disease occurs when the eye drainage system fails, so fluid builds up. This destroys the nerve fibers responsible for peripheral vision | Glaucoma |
| Most common cause of damage to the eye is | carless use of contact lenses |
| People who smoke have an increased risk of ? | cataracts |
| wear sunglasses that absorb what type of light ? | Ultraviolet |
| Glasses with larger lenses offer better ______ than smaller lenses | Protection |
| The 2 functions the ear preforms | equilibrium(balance) and hearing |
| 3 divisions of the ear | Outer, middle, inner |
| The outer ear consists of the ______ (external flap made of cartilage and skin) and the _____ _____ | pinna, auditory canal |
| the middle ear BEGINS with the _______ membrane (eardrum), and ENDS at a wall containing the ____ ______ (the round window is found near this area and it allows fluid in the cochlea to move) | Tympanic, Oval window |
| the 3 small bones are found (in middle ear)between tympanic membrane and the oval window are ? these bones are called ? | Malleus, Incus , Stapes (ossicles) |
| Malleus, Incus, stapes are also called | hammer, anvil, Stirrup |
| The malleus attaches to the _______ _____ and the stapes contacts the ____ ____ | tympanic membrane, oval window |
| The 3 regions of the inner ear | Semicircular canals , cochlea , vestibule |
| the 2 regions of the inner ear that are involved in equilibrium | Semicircular canals and the vestibule |
| region involved in hearing ? | cochlea |
| the cochlea is shapes like a ____ and is lined with small hairs called ______ | Snail, stereocillia |
| The movement of ______ transmits sensations to our brain to interpret as sound | stereocillia |
| transmission of sound vibrations gets _____ as sound travels through the ear | Weaker |
| The Eustachian tube is also know as the _____ tube | auditory |
| The Eustachian tube extends from the middle ear to the ? | nasopharynx |
| The Eustachian tube permits equalization of air ____ when we _____ or _____ | pressure, swallow , yawn |
| WHAT aids in preventing stereocillia damage, witch results in age-associated nerve defenses | Limiting exposure to loud nosies |
| Any noise above __ decibels may damage hair cells of the organ of ____, and cause them to dissapear. | 80, Corti |
| The first hint of danger could be temporary hearing loss, a "full" feeling in the ears, nosies sounding muffled or ________ (Ringing in the ears) | Tinnitus |
| what can result into IMMEDIATE hearing loss | short INTENSE noises, Gun shot or explosion |
| what drugs increase sensitivity to loud noises ? | Anticancer drugs , and some Antibiotics |
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