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A & P - Bones & tiss
Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The function of the root hair plexus is to | allow the hair to assist in touch sensation |
| If a splinter penetrated the skin into the second epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged? | Lucidum |
| Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes | accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer |
| The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superficial surface has structures called: | dermal papillae |
| Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. What are they? | Eccrine & apocrine |
| What is the first threat to like from a massive third-degree burn? | Catastrophic fluid loss resulting in hypovolemic shock |
| Acne is a disorder associated with what gland? | sebaceous glands |
| Which gland is a modified sudoriferous gland that secretes wax? | ceruminous |
| Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn? | The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis |
| The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is made of? | 99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C |
| The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis. | True |
| Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone? | Blood Vessels |
| Mammary glands exhibit a glandular type called | Compound alveolar |
| Matrix is composed of | fibers and ground substance |
| Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue? | Simple Columnar |
| Chondroblasts | within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix |
| An epithelial membrane | contains simple or stratified epithelia and a basement membrane |
| The following is true about the mode of secretion of the exocrine gland | Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process |
| The following is considered connective tissue | cartilage, adipose, blood no muscle |
| What are glycosaminoglycans | negatively charged polysaccharides |
| The first step in tissue repair involves | inflammation |
| What is a true statement about multicellular exocrine glands | The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing |
| What are the three main components of connective tissue | ground substance, fibers, and cells |
| True or false "Blast" cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells | True |
| What causes inflammation which causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable? | Tissue repair |
| True or False: Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important | True |
| Which cells are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells? | goblet cells |
| True or False: The age of a person is a factor in the tissue repair process | True |
| Mesenchymal cells are most commonly found in which connective tissue? | embryonic |
| The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength to absorb shock is because they possess | colagen fibers |
| The most important organelle to goblet cells and other glanular epithelium is | Golgi bodies |
| What is a single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of the serous membranes? | simple squamous |
| The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength | collagen |
| Glands, such as thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as | endocrine |
| Chondroblasts | within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix |
| A multilayered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as | stratified squamous |
| T or F, muscle tissue is highly cellular and well vascularized | True |
| T or F, In connective tissue, collagen fibers provide high tensile strenght | true |
| T or F, In adipose tissue, its primary function is to store nutrition | True |
| T or F, simple cuboidal epithelia are usually associated with secretion and absorbtion | True |
| T or F, stratified cuboidal epithelium is moderately rare in the body and found only in the pharynx, larynx, and anorectal junction | False |
| T or F, Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions interally and then rupturing the cell | False |
| Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of collagen fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.T or F, | False |
| A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity, | False |
| Intercalated discs and striations are found in the skeletal muscle | False |
| T or F, Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. | False |
| Functions of connective tissues including binding, support, insulation, and protection | True |
| T or F, Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands | False |
| T or F, Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers | False |
| The structure of bone tissue suits the functions. What is the name of the bone tissue that is adapted to supporting weight and withstanding tension stress? | Compact Bone |
| Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of | Fat |
| The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of the bone is | osteoblast |
| what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo | hyaline cartilage |
| what can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause | decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage |
| A fracture in the shaft of the bone would be a break in the | diaphysis |
| The term dipolё refers to the | internal layer of spongy bones in the flat bones |
| Which is a bone marking name that indicates a projection that helps to form joints | ramus |
| Factors in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis include | drinking fluoridated water |
| Ossification of the ends of the long bones | is produced by secondary ossification centers |
| Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surface? | Epiphyseal plate |
| The most abundant skeletal cartilage type | hyaline |
| What are the functions of the skeletal system | Support, storage of minerals, and production of blood cells (hematopoiesis) |
| What is the structural unit of compact bone | osteon |
| Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of | osteoblasts & osteoclasts |
| The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called | Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers |
| The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian Canal) is the site of: | Blood vessels & nerve fibers |
| What are the small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteosytes live called? | Lacunae |
| For intramembranous ossification to take place, what is necessary? | An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue |
| The process of bones increasing in width is known as | Appositional growth |
| Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons, what cells accomplish this | osteoclast |
| which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream | Parathyroid hormone |
| The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton, which begins about age of 40 | reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization |
| Wolff's law is concerned with | the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it |
| Cranial bones develop | within fibrous membranes |
| Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels | thyroid |
| Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth | The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage |
| Describe interstitail growth | chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grown from within |
| In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows | by pushing the epiphyseal away from the diaphysis |
| Spongy bones are made up of a framework called | trabeculae |
| Osteogenesis is the process of | bone formation |
| Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through | interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates |
| Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhoos | growth hormone |
| In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause? | Elevated sex hormones |
| Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of | calcium, phosphate, vitamin D |
| T or F, Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. | True |
| T or F, The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the maxtrix of compact bones | True |
| T or F, An osteon contains osteocytes, llamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only. | True |
| T or F, Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes | True |
| Examples of long bones | arm bone, fingers, |
| Examples of short bones | ankles, wrists |
| Examples of irregular bones | Secrum, vertebrae |
| Examples of flat bones | ribs, front of skull |
| Example of sesamoid bones | patella (knee cap) |
| What forms the largest portion of the coxal bone | Ilium |
| what makes up the axial skeleton | the skull, vertebral column, and the rib cage |
| which vertebra does not have a body | atlas |
| The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the | sagittal |
| the pituitary gland is housed in the | sella turcica of the sphenoid |
| the hyoid bone is unique because it | is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone in the body |
| Along with support, the anterior ligament of the vertebral column also acts to | prevent hyper-extension of the spine |
| What is the major function of the intervertebral discs | absorb shock |
| paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones | maxille |
| Which disease is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region | scoliosis |
| which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body | lumbar region |
| What is the location of the center of gravity in the body? | It is 1 cm posterior to the sacral promontory |
| Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have | facets for attachment of the ribs |
| What is the major function of the axial skeleton | provide central support for the body and protect internal organs |
| The antebrachium is composed of which two bones | the radius and ulna |
| The "true wrist" or carpus consists of | a group of eight short bones united by ligaments |
| Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsals | medial cuneiform |
| T or F, The orbits are formed of both facial and cranial bones | True |
| T or F, Paranasal sinuses enhance the resonance of the voice and lighten the skull | True |
| The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure if formed between the sphenoid and | maxilla |
| Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy | lordosis |
| How are thoracic vertebrae 11 & 12 different from the other vertebrae? | The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs |
| Which bones contains diaphysis and epiphysis areas, a tuberosity near its middle, and is proportionally more compact than spongy bone | humerus |
| the superior nasal concha is part of which bone | ethmoid |
| The articulation that most closely resembles a hinge in the body involves which bones | humerus-ulna |
| The pelvic girdle doesn't include the | sacrum |
| which of the following bones is not weight bearing | fibula |
| Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus | lateral maleolus |
| T or F, All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable. | True |
| T or F, The foramen magnum goes through the occipital bone | True |
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srfeind
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