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Stack #190477
Medical Terminology II-Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| without symptoms | asymptomatic |
| elimination of feces from the gastrointestinal tract through the rectum | defecation |
| upper duodenal area just beyond the pylorus | duodenal bulb |
| instrument consisting of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and optical system for observing the inside of a hollow organ or cavity | endoscope |
| pertaining to a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel | exocrine |
| easily broken or pulverized | friable |
| enzyme secreted in the stomach that begins the digestion of proteins | pepsin |
| having pinpoint punctures or depressions on the surface; marked with dots | punctate |
| tortuous dilations of a vein | varices |
| circular muscle constricting an orifice, such as the pyloric sphincter around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum | sphincter |
| mouth | or/o and stomat/o |
| tongue | gloss/o and lingu/o |
| cheek | bucc/o |
| lip | cheil/o and labi/o |
| teeth | dent/o and odont/o |
| gum(s) | gingiv/o |
| saliva, salivary gland | sial/o |
| esophagus | esophag/o |
| pharynx (throat) | pharyng/o |
| stomach | gastr/o |
| pylorus | pylor/o |
| duodenum (first part of small intestine) | duoden/o |
| intestine (usually small intestine) | enter/o |
| jejunum (second part of small intestine) | jejun/o |
| ileum (third part of small intestine) | ile/o |
| appendix | append/o and appendic/o |
| colon | col/o and colon/o |
| sigmoid colon | sigmoid/o |
| rectum | rect/o |
| anus, rectum | proct/o |
| anus | an/o |
| liver | hepat/o |
| pancreas | pancreat/o |
| bile vessel | cholangi/o |
| bile, gall | chol/e |
| gallbladder | cholecyst/o |
| vomit | -emesis |
| abnormal condition (produced by something specific) | -iasis |
| enlargement | -megaly |
| appetitie | -orexia |
| digestion | -pepsia |
| swallowing, eating | -phagia |
| meal | -prandial |
| discharge, flow | -rrhea |
| through, across | dia- |
| around | peri- |
| under, below | sub- |
| lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat | anorexia |
| inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection | appendicitis |
| accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen | ascites |
| rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas throught the liquid contents of the intestine | borborygmus |
| general lack of nutrition and wasting occurring in the course of a chrnic disease or emotional disturbance | cachexia |
| presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct | cholelithiasis |
| chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possible affecting any protion of the intestinal tract | Crohn disease, regional enteritis |
| chronic, irreversible, degenerative disease of the liver | cirrhosis |
| spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ accompanied by pain, especially in the colon | colic |
| act of swollowing | deglutition |
| inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, possibly caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, that results in bloody diarrhea | dysentery |
| epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion | dyspepsia |
| inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia | dysphagia |
| producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching | eructation |
| fecal concretion | fecalith |
| gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus | flatus |
| backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus | gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
| offensive or "bad" breath | halitosis |
| vomitting of blood | hematemesis |
| symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon | irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
| intestinal obstruction; also called severe constipation | obstipation |
| symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph | malabsorption syndrome |
| passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due toe the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices | melena |
| formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation | oral leukoplakia |
| progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract | peristalsis |
| stricture or narrowing of the pyloric orifice, possibly due to excessive thickening of the pyloric sphincter (circular muscle of the pylorus) | pyloric stenosis |
| backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach or the backward flow of blood through a defective heart valve | regurgitation |
| passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it | steatorrhea |
| visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope | endoscopy |
| endoscopy of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomaach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy) | upper GI endoscopy |
| endoscopy of the colon (colonoscopy), sigmoid colon (sigmoidoscopy), and rectum and anal canal (proctoscopy) | lower GI endoscopy |
| panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus-hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), or hepatitis C (HCV)-causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens | hepatitis panel |
| tests involving measurement of the levels of certain enzymes, bilirubin, and various proteins | liver function tests (LFT's) |
| measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood | serum bilirubin |
| microbiological procedure in which microorganisms in feces are grown on media or nutrient material to identify specific pathogens | stool culture |
| applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult (trade name of a modified guaiac test) | stool guaiac |
| radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum; also called lowere GI series | barium enema |
| radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium); also called esophagram and upper GI series | barium swallow |
| radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing idodine, usually in the form of a tablet | cholecystography |
| imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles; formerly called computerized axial tomography | computed tomography (CT) scan |
| endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancareatography (ERCP) |
| radiographic examination of the structure of the bile ducts | percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography |
| radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts | sialography |
| image produced by using high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) and displaying the reflected "echoes" on a monitor (A computer analyzes the reflected echos and converts them into an image on a video monitor.); also called ultrasound, sonography, echo,.. | ultrasonography (US) |
| ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder | abdominal ultrasonography (US) |
| representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis | biopsy |
| use of a large-bore needle to remove a core of liver tissue for histological examination | liver biopsy |
| insertion of a masogastric tube throught the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, gastric secretions, or food; to insill meds, food, or fluids; or to obtain a speciment for lab analysis | nasogastric intubation |
| surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another | anastomosis |
| surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis | ileorectal anastomosis |
| surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enteroenterostomy | intestinal anastomosis |
| creation of an opening of some portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag | colostomy |
| procedure for eliminating a stone within the urinary system or gallbladder by crushing the stone surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it | lithotripsy |
| use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts | extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) |
| exision of a polyp | polypectomy |
| incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | pyloromyotomy |
| aspiration biopsy cytology | ABC |
| alkaline phosphatase | alk phos |
| alanine amiotransferase (elevated in liver and heart disease); formerly SGPT | ALT |
| angiotensin sensitivity test | AST |
| barium | Ba |
| barium enema | BaE |
| bowel movement | BM |
| computed tomography | CT |
| computed tomography scan | CT scan, CAT scan |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | EGD |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | ERCP |
| gallbladder | GB |
| gallbladder series | GBS |
| gastroesophageal reflux | GER |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | GERD |
| gastrointestinal | GI |
| hepatitis A virus | HAV |
| hepatitis B virus | HBV |
| hepatitis C virus | HCV |
| hepatitis D virus | HDV |
| hepatitis E virus | HEV |
| irritable bowel syndrome | IBS |
| nasogastric | NG |
| peptic ulcer disease | PUD |
| rule out | R/O |
| before meals | ac |
| twice a day | bid |
| nothing by mouth | npo |
| after meals (postprandial) | pc, pp |
| by mouth (per os) | po |
| as required | prn |
| every morning | qam, qm |
| every hour | qh |
| every w hours | q2h |
| four times a day | qid |
| every other day | qod** |
| every night | qpm, qn |
| immediately | stat |
| three times a day | tid |
Created by:
Kcompleta
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