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chapter 4 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 functions of skin | mechanical damage, chemical damage, bacterial damage, ultraviolet radiation, thermal damage. |
| compare & contrast thick & thin skin | thick: 5 layers thin: 4 layers both in the granulosum layer |
| The most common type of cell in the epidermis is ___. | keratinocytes |
| 5 layers of epidermis | basale - deepest layer spinosum - contains thick layer of pre-keratin granulosum - cytoplasm lucidum - hairless; only in thick skin corneum - outermost layer of epidermis; dead cells |
| What is melanin, what type of cells make melanin, where is melanin mostly found, and what affects the amount of melanin a person has? | 1. pigment 2. produced by melanocytes 3. mostly in the stratum basale 4. depends on genetics and expose to sunlight |
| Compare and contrast dendritic and merkel cells | 1. dendritic - alert and activate immune cells to a threat 2. merkel - serve as touch receptors |
| Describe the layers of the dermis. (matching) | 1. papillary layer - upper dermal region; some contain capillary loops 2. reticular layers - blood vessels; sweat glands |
| What are sebaceous glands? How does the sebum that they produce help the body? | Sebaceous glands = oil glands. The sebum helps the body by lubricating the skin and killing bacteria. |
| What are sudoriferous glands? Name 2 types of these glands. | sudoriferous glands = sweat glands. the two types are eccrine glands & apocrine |
| Explain how a body can produce odor from sweating if sweat has no odor. | the body can produce odor from sweating because the bacteria uses the sweat to make the odor. |
| What are the “Rules of Nines” used for? Explain. | the rules of nines are used in calculating body surface area involved in burns. 9% for all 11 regions. |
| Describe the 3 degrees of burns. | 1.first-degree burns only epidermis is damaged 2. second-degree burns epidermis and upper dermis are changed 3. third-degree burns destroys entire skin layer; burned area is painless |
| Under what circumstances are burns considered to be critical? | - burns are considered critical if - over 25% of body has second-degree burns - over 10% of the body had third-degree burns - there are third-degree burns on the face, hands, or feet |
| Describe infections and allergies that can affect the skin. (matching) | - contact dermatitis cause allergic reaction - impetigo caused by bacterial infection - psoriasis cause is unknown triggered by trauma, infection, stress |
| Describe the 2 ways cancer can be classified. | - benign - does not spread - malignant - moves to other parts of the body |
| Describe infections and allergies that can affect the skin. (matching) | - contact dermatitis cause allergic reaction - impetigo caused by bacterial infection - psoriasis cause is unknown triggered by trauma, infection, stress |
| Describe the 2 ways cancer can be classified. | - benign does not spread - malignant moves to other parts of the body |
| Describe the 3 types of skin cancer. | 1. Basal cell carcinoma least malignant most common 2. Squamous cell carcinoma early removal allows a good chance of cure believed to be sun-induced 3. Malignant melanoma most deadly uses ABCD rule |
| Explain the ABCD rule | A = Asymmetry Two sides of pigmented mole do not match B = Border irregularity Borders of mole are not smooth C = Color Different colors in pigmented area D = Diameter Spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter |
| What can contribute to a change in skin color or alteration in skin color? (orange, red, paleness, yellow, black/blue, brown/black) | keratin |
Created by:
emarroquin
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