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Cranial Nerves
Sources and Destinations of cranial nerves I-XII
Cranial Nerve Number | Afferent Source | Motor destination | Parasympathetic destination | Name | Function |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IV | NA | Superior oblique | NA | Trochlear | Eye movement |
V | Front 2/3 of head, general sensory from anterior 2/3 of tongue | masticatory muscles, tensor tympani of middle ear | NA | Trigeminal | Spinal nerve for face, chewing muscles |
VI | NA | Lateral rectus | NA | Abducens | Eye movement |
VII | External ear, gustatory from anterior 2/3 of tongue | facial muscles, stapedius of middle ear | submandibular and sublingual salivary glands; lacrimal glands | Facial | Taste, facial expression |
VIII | Spiral and vestibular ganglia of inner ear, to cochlear and vestibular nuclei of pons | NA | NA | Vestibulocochlear | Vestibular, Auditory |
IX | External ear, pharynx, sensory and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue, carotid sinus blood pressure, carotid body CO2-O2 balance | Pharyngeal muscles | parotid salivary gland | Glossopharyngeal | Taste, sensory and motor of pharynx |
X | External ear, taste from epiglottis, thoracic and abdominal viscera, mucous membranes of larynx and pharynx | Laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, | thoracic and abdominal viscera | Vagus | Parasympathetic: breathing, heart rate, respiration, some pharynx and larynx |
XI | NA | Laryngeal muscles, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius | NA | Accessory | Upper back muscles, larynx |
XII | NA | muscles of tongue | NA | Hypoglossal | Tongue muscles |
I | Olfactory mucosa | NA | NA | Olfactory | Smell |
II | Retina | NA | NA | Optic | Vision |
III | NA | Inferior oblique, Medial rectus, Superior rectus, Inferior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris | via ciliary ganglion to iris sphincter muscles and lens ciliary muscles | Oculomotor | Eye movement |