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chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The somatic nervous system controls what? | Skeletal muscle contractions |
| The effectors of the autonomic nervous system includes: | Skeletal muscle |
| which two branches of the nervous system commonly work as anatgonists to each other? | papasympathetic and sympathetic |
| clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes within the cell body of a neuron appear dark when stained. These are called: | Nissl bodies |
| If axons divide into branches, the branches are called: | collaterals |
| most sensory neurons are ___ neurons. | unipolar |
| motor neurons and most interneurons are ___ neurons. | multipolar |
| ____ are receptors that monitor position and movements of skeletal muscles and joints. | proprioceptors |
| at a synapse, neurotransmitters are released from the __ cell. | presynatic |
| ___ are cells that produce, circulate, and monitor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Ependymal cells |
| phagocytic cells in neural tissue of the CNS are: | microglia |
| in the preipheral nervous system, ___ produce the myelin sheath. | oligodendrocytes |
| ___ are the most numerous of the neuroglial cells. they form the blood-brain barrier. | astrocytes |
| ___ are neuroglial cells that surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia of the perpheral nervous system. they oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrient levels for the associated neurons. | astrocytes |
| Nonmyelinated regions along a myeliated axon are called: | internodes |
| a shift in the resting membrane potential from -70V to -61V is called: | a graded potential |
| In the generation of an action potential, voltage-regulated sodium gates open at ___ millivolts and a tremendous amount of sodium ions diffuse into the cell. | -60V |
| Sodium ions spread along the cytoplasm at the surface of an axolemma by: | local potentials |
| At ___ millivolts, the voltage-regulated sodium gates close and voltage-regulated potassium gates open. | +30 |
| when the voltage-regulated gates open, potassium floods outward and may create a moment of ____. | hyperpolarization |
| The ___ is (are) responsible for maintaining resting membrane distributions of sodium and potassium across the neuron cell membrane. | sodium-potassium pump |
| The period of time in which a stimulated neuron cannot respond to another stimulus is called the: | absolute refractory period |
| Along myelinated axons, action potentials travel rapidly by ___. | saltatory propagation |
| Action potentials travel fastest long ___ fibers. | type A |
| the neuromuscular junction is an example of a ___. | cholinergic synapse |
| the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is: | dopamine |
| inadequate ___ production may be responsible for many cases of chronic depression. | serotonin |
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apurcel1
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