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FinalReview02
HaneyGenPathREV02
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a genotype? | Genes you inherited from your parents, not physical appearance |
| what is a phenotype? | revealed in your appearance |
| what is amniocenteses? | surgical puncture of the amniotic sac |
| what is an arthrogram? | visualization of a joint |
| what is an audiogram? | a record made of the threshold of hearing |
| what is a bronchoscopy? | visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| A hiatial hernia is.. | the protrusion of some portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity. |
| the most common type of hiatal hernia is the.. | sliding hernia |
| cirrhosis is | a degenerative deisease of the liver |
| define differentiation | the process cells take functions and forms different from the forms of the cells they originated from |
| What is pneumonia? | an acute inflammation of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli of the lung. |
| what is aspiration pneumonia? | irritation from large quantities of foreign matter. |
| what are some signs and symptoms of pneumonia? | coughing, sputum productions, pleuritic chest pain, shaking chills, fever, rales, dyspnea, cyanosis, and generalized weakness |
| what is a closed fracture? | no external wound. |
| what is an open or compound fracture? | accompanied by an open wound |
| what is a greenstick fracture? | the bone is partially bent or split |
| what is a comminuted fracture? | the bone is splintered. |
| what is an impacted fracture? | one end is forced into another bone. |
| an incomplete fracture is also known as what? | stress fracture |
| biotherapy is also known as what? | immunotherapy |
| what is used in biotherapy? | a combination of chemotherapy and radiation |
| define acute. | rapid onset, severe symptoms, short course |
| infective tubulointerstitial nephritis is also called.. | pyelonephritis |
| what is pyelonephritis? | inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis due to infection |
| what is diabetes insipidus? | decreased vasopressin (vasopressin helps regulate the amount of fluid the kidneys release as urine) |
| what is the most common symptom of diabetes insipidus? | polyuria |
| what is diabetes mellitus? | chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting from insufficient production of insulin |
| what is insulin produced by? | beta cells called islets of Langerhans |
| immune-mediated diabetes type 1 usually appears before what age? | it normally has an abrupt onset usually before age 30 |
| type 2 diabetes is also called | non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| gestational diabetes mellitus is | a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy but most often resolves after delivery. |
| what does gestational diabetes mellitus do to the mother? | puts the women at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. |
| what is a monogenic (mendelian) disorder? | caused by a mutation in a single gene. |
| what are some autosomal recessive disorders? | cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, Cretinism, Phenylketonuria, Sickle cell anemia |
| What are some autosomal Dominant disorders? | diabetes insipidus, retinoblastoma |
| What are some sex linked disorders? | hemophilia, Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy |
| What are Chromosomal Disorders caused by? | an abnormality in the number of chromosomes or by changes in chromosomal structure |
| Name some diseases caused by chromosomal alterations. | Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner's syndrome, Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome) |
| what is another category of hereditary diseases that is made up of disorders with many factors? | multifactorial disorders |
| What is cystic fibrosis? | a congenital disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by the production of copious amounts of abnormally thick mucus |
| what are some common signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis? | increases concentrations of salt in sweat, wheeze respirations, dry cough, dysnpnea, tachypnea, intestinal obstruction, vomiting, constipation, electrolyte imbalance, inability to absorb fats |
| what is the prognosis of cystic fibrosis? | poor, the average life expectancy is 28 years of age. |
| Hemophilia is caused by what? | deficiency of specific types of serum proteins called 'clotting factors'. it is a bleeding disorder |
| Name a few Environmental hazards. | air, noise, insects, exposure to venoms, pesticides, pollutant |
| What is glomerulonephritis? | allergic inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney's nephrons |
| what causes glomerulonephritis? | circulating antigen-antibody complexes that become trapped within the network of capillaries of a glomerulus. |
| what is a wheal? | generally round, transient elevation of the skin which is white in the center, with pale red edges, often accompanied by itching. |
| Alzheimer's disease is.. | a type of chronic organic brain syndrome characterized by the neath of neurons in the cerebral cortex and their replacement by microscopic 'plaques' |
| what is a benign tumor? | one that grows slowly and whose cells closely resemble normal cells of the tissue it originated from |
| what is a malignant tumor? | invasive, grows rapidly, anaplastic, and has the capability of metastasizing through the blood or lymph |
| define chorea. | nervous condition marked by involuntary muscular twitching of the limbs or facial muscles |
| define encapsulated. | enclosure in a layer of tissue not normal to the part |
| what is another term for cryptochidism? | undescended testes |
| what is a migraine headache? | recurrent, frequently incapacitating type of headache characterized by intense, throbbing pain |
| define anaphylaxis. | an allergic reaction of the body to a foreign or other substance |
| define incontinence. | the inability to control the passage of urine, semen, or feces due to one or more physiological or psychological conditions. |
| What is cushing's syndrome? | hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands. |
| what are some symptoms of cushing's syndrome? | moon-shaped face, acne, head and trunk grossly exaggerated, thin arms and legs, impaired glucose tolerance, muscle weakness, stretch marks, buffalo hump, peptic ulcer, emotional changes, hypertension, increases susceptibility to infection |
| for a person to be labeled as 'obese' their body weight has to be __-__ % above the ideal. | 10-20% |
| what is a carcinoma? | solid tumors of epithelial tissue of external and internal body surfaces. |
| what is a sarcoma? | arise from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle, and cartliage. |
| Neoplasms of blood and lymph include.. | leukemias, hodgkin's disease, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma |
| leukemias are different than the other groups because they do not | form solid tumors. |
| what is an adenocarcinoma? | malignant tumor of a gland |
| acute bacterial meningitis is.. | inflammation of the three-layer membrane called the meninges that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. |
| what are common signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis? | sudden onset of severe headache, vomiting, seizures, nuchal rigity, dowsiness, stupor, or even coma |
| what is a gastric ulcer? | lesion in the musocal lining of the stomach. |
| what is diphtheria? | acute, life-threatening infectious disease. |
| what is diphtheria characterized by? | membranelike coating that forms over mucous membrane surfaces. |
| Diphtheria is caused by which bacterium? | Cornebacteriumdiphtheriae |
| what is hyperopia? | light entering the eye comes into focus behind the retina. farsightedness |
| what is presbyopia? | loss of elasiticity in the crystalline lens of the eye. farsightedness |
| what is myopia? | light entering the eye comes into focus in front of the retina. nearsightedness |
| what is an astigmatism? | light entering the eye is focused unevenly or diffusely across the retina so some is focused and some is not. |
| what is mumps? | acute, contagious disease characterized by fever and inflammation of the parotid salivary glands. |
| the incubation period of mumps is __ days. | 18 |
| define urticaria. | vascualr reaction of the skin characterized by temporary eruption of wheals/hives |
| what is an accumulation of fluid within the structure of the middle ear? | otitis media |
| What is a fluorescein stain? | a dye used to reveal corneal lesions and to test circulation in the retinals and extremities. |
| What is a fluoroscopy? | examination of deep structures using x-rays. |
| what is a gastroscopy? | inspection of the stomach interior using a gastroscope. |
| What is a hematocrit used to measure? | the percentage of packed red cells in a whole blood sample obtained by finger stick. |
| What tests hydroxyproline? | a 24-hour urine catch or a blood sample. |
| Define bile. | a thick alkaline fluid produced by the liver. |
| what is apnea? | temporary cessation in breathing. |
| what is ascites? | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. |
| what is cellulits? | an inflammation of cellular or connective tissue. |
| define coma. | a state of profound unconsciousness |
| what is a newarly lyquid mixture composes of partially digested food and gastric secretions? | chyme |
| what is karatin? | hard, fibrous protein that is the primary constituent of hair and nails. |
| what is heterozygous? | possessing different genes from each parent for a particual trait. |
| define gene. | one of the units of heredity, located at a definite position on a particular chromosome. |
| what is hypoxia? | insufficient oxygenation of the blood or tissue. |
| what is the menarche? | the initial menstrual cycle. |
| what is lysis? | destruction of red blood cells, bacteria, and other stuctures by a specific lysin. |
| warts are caused by which virus? | human papilloma virus |
| the formation of numerous small growths or masses on a muscous membrane is called what? | polyposis |
| what is pyuria? | puss in the urine |
| what is rhinitis? | inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes. |
| what is plasma? | liquid part of the lymph and the blood. |
| what is a synapse? | narrow gap between two neurons in a neural pathway. |
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betsy6075
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