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Chapter 22

The Respiratory Syste- (2nd half- gas transport, gas laws, respiratory volumes)

QuestionAnswer
the conducting zone of the lungs is usually considered about 200 ml. Which respiratory volume is important to ensure that enough air is being inspired to fill the conducting zone and reach the alveoli? tidal volume
an increase in plasma epinephrine will have the following direct effect on the respiratory system beta-2 adrenergic receptor activation results in bronchodilation.
what part of the brain adjusts the rate of respiration to accommodate the body's changing oxygen needs? pons
tidal volume (TV) mount of air inhaled/exhaled with each breath under normal respiratory conditions
amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation is known as: inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
what is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume expiration
amount of air remaining in lungs after a forced expiration is known as: residual volume
how does the blood flow through the cardiovascular system and air flow through the respiratory system relate? both adjust diameter of conducting tubes to change flow & uses muscular pumps to create pressure gradients
during pneumonia, the lungs become "waterlogged"; this means that within the alveoli there is an abnormal accumulation of interstital fluid
___ makes up about 70% of total CO2 in blood bicarbonate
most CO2 is transported by combining with __ or ___ hemoglobin - dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate
primary form in which oxygen is carried in blood? chemically bound to hemoglobin
during pleurisy, the inflamed parietal pleura of one lung rubs against the inflamed visceral pleura of the same lung
after blood becomes oxygenated, it.... returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.
spirometry cannot provide specific diagnosis. this is used for ___ evaluating losses in respiratory function
about ___ mL moves in and out during each breath 500
the average male IRV is 3100 ml
the average female IRV is 1900 ml
the ERV and residual volume average male value is __ ml 1200
the ERV value for females is... 700 ml
the average residual volume for females is ___ 1100 ml
dead space happens in which zone? conducting
amount of gas that flows in or out in 1 minute is called ____ minute ventilation
alveolar ventilation rate (AVR) is calaculated by multiplying ___ and ___ frequency - (TV-deadspace)
deadspace is usually ___ ml. this is the region in the lung where.... 150 - no gas exchange is happening
rapid, shallow breathing ___ avr decreases
which law states that gas will dissolve in proportion to their partial pressure? henry's law
in henry's law..what 2 things affects how much remains dissolved? solubility & temperature
if concentration of gas in a liquid is higher than in gas phase, what will happen? it will reenter the gas phase
is carbon dioxide or oxygen more soluble? CO2
external respiration is influenced by what 3 factors? partial pressures & gas solubility. viscosity & surface area of respiratory membrane. ventilation
ventilation - perfusion coupling states that... if you have more blood, it's going to change & make factors change
more surface area leads to ___ more gas exchange
major oxygen transport is___ hemoglobin
which gas is transported by dissolving in the plasma as bicarbonate ions? carbon dioxide
what triggers the chloride shift? bicarbonate flux
ventral rhythm group (VRG) rhythm generating and integrating center
which rhythm group integrates stretch & chemo-receptor input. also modifies VRG output. dorsal rhythm group
Created by: Mariahj25
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