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Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skeletal Muscles are innervated by: | Somatic nervous System |
| What happens when the action potential arrives at the end of an axon? | A neurotransmitter is released from the axon terminal |
| What is resting potential? | the membrane potential of an undisturbed cell. |
| What is the resting potential of a human? | -70mv |
| What results in depolatization? | An increase in positive charges flowing into the cell. |
| What are neuroglia capable of that neurons are not? | cell division |
| How is sodium and potassium transported across the membrane via pump? | The pump moves three sodium ions (Na+) out for every two potassium (K+) ions pumped into the cell; this maintains a membrane potential of about -70mV (negative charge on the inside of the membrane and positive charge on the outside, |
| Oligodendrocytes form? | myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some neurons in CNS |
| Ependymal cells | Neuroglial cells within the CNS produce, monitor, and circulate cerebrospinal fluid |
| What are the major divisions of the nervous system | Central and periphreral |
| Where are you most likely going to find a multipolar neuron? | Special sense organs |
| Hyperpolarization | A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels and moves the membrane potential toward the resting membrane potential |
| Microglia | Scavenger phagocytic cells in the central nervous system CNS |
| Continuous conduction | local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to form along the membrane |
| The sequence of Action Potential | A stimulus arrives, voltage-gated sodium channels open, sodium enters the cell, cell is depolarized, voltage-gated sodium channels close as K channels open, potassium leaves the cell, Cell is repolarized |
| Astrocytes | The outer area of sun shaped ganglie dooies attached to neurons |
| All or none principle | All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials |
| Central Nervous System posesses? | brain and spinal cord |
| Oligodendrocytes are to CNS as | Schwann cells are to PNS |
| Difference between saltatory and continuous propagation of nerve impulses? | Saltatory carries impulses at a faster rate than continuous propagation |
| Depolarization | opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron |
| Dendrites | Receive messages |
| Axons | Send messages |
| Ependymal cells | line the central canal and ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid |
| Depolarization results in | opening of sodium channels |
| Where in the neuron is an action potential initially generated? | Axon hillock |
| Repolarization results from | closing of sodium channels |
| hyperpolarization results from | slow closing of K+ channels |
| what is the magnitude/amplitude of action potential? | 100 mV |
| How is an action potential propagated along an axon? | An influx of sodium ions from the current action potential depolarizes the adjacent area |
| Why cant an action potential be generated during the absolute refractory period? | sodium channels are inactive |
| What direction do action potentials move? | away from the axon hillock down the axon away from the cell body |
| the velocity of the action potential is fastest in | a large, myelinated axon |
| myelination | acts as insulation in action potential |
| Membranes of neurons at rest are very permeable to | K+ |
| membranes of neurons at rest are only slightly permeable to | Na+ |
| Function of Na+, -K+ pump is? | To maintain the resting membrane potential. Na+ is pumped out, K+ pumped in |
| Where is Na+ and Cl- concentration the highest? | outside the cell |
| In a synapse, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles located in the | presynaptic cleft |
| How is a neurotransmiter released from the action potential | Opening of Ca2+ channels |
| binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor opens? | ion channels on the postynaptic membrane |
| Presynaptic neuron | at a synapse between two neurons, the impulse passes from the axon terminal, where neurotransmitter is released |
| Post synaptic neuron | around axon terminal, occurs when the post synaptic cell is a neuron |
| Acetylcholine | breaks down by an enzyme before being returned to presynaptic neurons axon terminal |
| The arrival of an action potential at the end of an axon results in? | A release of a new action potential |
| What is the voltage when sodium channels open? | +10mV |
| when do Postassium channels open | +30 mV |
| What is in the diacephalon? | Pineal gland, hypothalmus, thalmus |
Created by:
iessnorris
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