Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Anatomy
Brain and Cranial Nerves
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Brain | part of the central nervous system divided into cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum |
| Cerebrum | forms the bulk of the brain |
| Cerebrum functions | receives and interprets sensory inputs controls voluntary motor movements involved with cognitive and emotional processing (thinking) |
| surface of the cerebrum | gyri and sulci |
| gyri (gyrus) | elevations or bumps on the brain |
| sulci (sulcus) | grooves of the brain (the deeper grooves are called FISSURE) the deepest groove is the LONGITUDINAL FISSURE (divides the cerebrum into left and right cerebral hemispheres) each cerebral hemisphere is divided into lobes by other sulci and fissures |
| Major sulci and fissures | include the central sulcus, lateral fissure, and parieto-occipital sulcus |
| central sulcus | divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, use a landmark to locate the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus |
| lateral fissure (middle cerebral arteries) | separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe |
| parieto-occipital sulcus | separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe |
| gray matter (cerebrum) | formed by millions of neuron cell bodies (soma), gray because there is no myelin, locations include cerebral cortex (superficial), basal nuclei (deep-looks like adidas sign), and limbic system (deep) |
| white matter (cerebrum) | formed by axons of neurons, white because of myelin, located deep to the cerebral cortex, surrounds nuclei |
| Cerebral Cortex (superificial layer of cerebrum) | specific regions of the cortex have specific functions, these regions are called functional areas |
| 3 kinds of functional areas | motor area, sensory function, and association function |
| motor areas (cerebral) | control voluntary muscular movement, example: primary motor cortex |
| primary motor function (located: precentral gyrus of frontal lobe) | controls contraction of skeletal muscle, specific regions of the precentral gyrus control specific muscles; if right brain damaged then you cant move the left side, opposite goes for the left brain side |
| sensory areas (cerebral) | concerned with awareness of sensation, examples include: primary somatic sensory cortex, and visual cortex |
| primary somatic sensory cortex or primary somatosensory cortex (located: postcentral gyrus) | receives impulses (sensation, pain, pressure, and temperature) from sensory receptors located in the skin and skeletal muscle; specific regions of the postcentral gyrus receive impulses from specific areas of the body; damage: can't feel (right or left) |
| visual cortex | located: occipital lobe receive impulses conveying visual information damage: blindness |
| association areas (cerebral) | involved with integrating functions examples: somatic sensory association area and the speech association areas (Broca's and Wernicke's area) |
| somatic sensory association area | located posterior to the primary somatic sensory cortex involved with the ability to recognize and object by touch damaged: can feel but don't know what you're feeling |
| Broca's area (motor speech area) | above tip of temporal lobe (finger area of boxing glove) located: on left frontal lobe superior to the lateral fissure controls muscles responsible for the production of speech initiates speech damaged: can't speak, knows what to say |
| Wernicke's area (sensory speech area) | follow lateral fissure located: on left parietal lobe and left temporal lobe involved with understanding and formulating speech damage: can speak, but doesn't make sense |
| Diencephalon | divided into thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus |
| thalamus (head of the bird or the eye ball) | relay station for most sensory impulses (travels to central sulcus) that reach the cerebral cortex smell does not travel through the thalamus |
| hypothalamus (beak of bird, nose & top lip of man) | located inferior to the thalamus functions included following: controls and integrates activities of the ANS, controls pituitary gland; regulated feeling of rage, aggression, pain, and pleasure; regulates thirst and food intake; regulates body temp. |
| epithalamus (feather sitting in back of head-behind thalamus) | contains the pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin (produced during darkness) may contribute to the setting of the sleep-wake cycle |
| brain stem | contains three parts: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
| midbrain (below thalamus, neck of bird) | functions include: relay motor and sensory impulses and involved with hearing (integral part of the auditory pathway) and visual reflexes |
| pons (below midbrain, adam's apple of man) | relays information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum |
| medulla oblongata (tail feather of bird, below pons) | regulates heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and hiccuping |
| cerebellum (wings on back of bird) | regulates coordinated skeletal muscle movements, posture, and balance |
| Meninges | three connective tissue layers that cover and protects the CNS: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater |
| dura mater "tough mother" | most superficial layer (above the dura is the epidural space) |
| arachnoid mater "spider web-like" | middle layer between the dura and arachnoid if the subdural space |
| pia mater "under arachnoid mater" | can't see the mater, will need microscope adheres to the surface of the brain between the pia and arachnoid is the subarachnoid space subarachnoid space - filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | nourishes and protects brain & spinal cord circulates through the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord produces in the ventricles of the brain be cells of the choroid space: lateral, third, and fourth ventricle |
| lateral ventricles (2) | left and right, below mohawk of bird (hair of man) one located in each cerebral hemisphere |
| third ventricle (1) | located between the two halves of the thalamus |
| fourth ventricle (1) | located between the brain stem and the cerebellum |
Created by:
hharki
Popular Anatomy sets