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The Skeletal System
Part Uno
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of bone tissue and the skeletal system | Supports, protects, aids in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, stores fat |
| Long bone | greater in length than width EX: leg and arm |
| Short bones | nearly equal in length and width EX: wrist and ankle |
| Flat bones | thin and flat EX: scapula |
| Irregular bones | complex shapes EX: vertebrae and facial bones |
| Diaphysis | long cylindrical main portion of the bone |
| Epiphysis | distal and proximal ends of the bone |
| Metaphysis | the region where the diaphysis and epiphysis join |
| Epiphyseal plate | growth plate are in growing bone where a layer of hyaline cartilage allows the bone to grow in length. |
| Articular cartilage | thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation or joint with another bone. Reduces friction and absorbs shock. |
| Periosteum | dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the bone surface that a) contains bone forming cells which allow the bone to grow in diameter b) protects c) assists in fracture repair d) nourish e) attachment point for tendons and ligaments |
| Medullary cavity | Hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults |
| Endosteum | lines the medullary cavity |
| 4 major types of bone cells | osteogenic- cell division; osteoblasts- bone building cells; octeocytes- mature and controlling bone cells; osteoclasts- break down bone and found in the endosteum |
| Compact bone | 80%; strongest; diaphysis; arranged in repeating structuralunits called osteons |
| Osteons | rings of hard calcified concentric matrix |
| Spongy bone | 20%; short bone; flat bone; irregular bone, epiphysis of long bone, internal medullary cavity; lighter; red bone marrow |
| Growth hormones | hGH (human growth hormones); pituitary gland |
| Partial fracture | incomplete break, crack |
| Complete fracture | bone is broken into 2 or more pieces |
| Closed fracture | does not break through the skin |
| Open fracture | broken ends of the bone protrudes through skin |
| Steps of bone repair | Phagocytes remove dead bone tissue; Chrondroblasts make fibrocartilage at the fracture site to bridge the broken ends; Osteoblasts convert the fibrocartilage to spongy bone tissue; remodeled when osteoclasts remove dead portion and spongy becomes compact |
| Bone stores __% of body's calcium | 99 |
| ___ regulates calcium exchange between blood and bone | PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
Created by:
Chickadee.18
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