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Intro/A&P
Epithelial Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name for a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? | Epithelial Tissue |
| What are the two forms of Epithelial Tissue? | Covering and lining, glandular |
| This forms the outer layer of the skin; lines open cavities of the digestive and respiratory systems; covers the walls of organs of the closed ventral body cavity. | lining epithelium |
| This surrounds glands within the body. | Glandular epithelium |
| What are the five main characteristics of epithelial tissue? | 1. Polarity 2. Specialized contacts 3. Supported by connective tissue 4. Avascular and innervated 5. Regeneration |
| What do all epithelia have in common? | They all have an apical surface and a lower attached basal surface. |
| What do most apical surfaces have to increase surface area? | Microvilli |
| Give two examples of tissue that has "brush border" due to microvilli. | Epithelial lining of the intestine and kidney tubules. |
| What are the hairlike projections on some epithelia? | Cilia |
| What is the purpose of the cilia? | The hairlike projections push substances along their free surfaces. |
| What is next to the basal surface? | Basal lamina |
| What is the purpose of the basal lamina? | thin supportive sheet that acts as a filter allowing and inhibiting certain molecules from passing into the epithelium |
| What do epithelia use to fit close together? | tight junctions and desmosomes |
| What forms the closest contact between cells and helps keeps proteins in the apical region of the plasma membrane? | Tight junctions |
| What connect the plasma membrane to intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm | Desmosomes |
| What is deep to the basal lamina? | reticular lamina |
| What is the purpose of the reticular lamina? | It is an extracellular material containing collagen protein fiber that forms the basement membrane. |
| What is the purpose of the basement membrane? | It reinforces the epithelium and helps it resist stretching and tearing. |
| Is epithelium vascular or avascular? | avascular (contains no blood vessels) |
| What is epithelium innervated with? | Nerve fibers |
| Explain the epithelia regenerative quality. | Epithelia have a high regenerative capacity and can reproduce rapidly as long as they receive adequate nutrition. |
| What are the types of epithelium? | Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, transitional, pseudostratified columnar, stratified cuboidal, stratified squamous |
| How do epithelia derive their names? | The first name indicates the number of cell layers. The second name describes the shape of its cell. |
| Based on the number of cell layers epithelia can be ________ or _______ | simple or stratified |
| Describe structure and function of simple epithelia | consist of a single layer (found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur). |
| Describe the structure and function of stratified epithelia. | composed of two or more cell layers stacked on top of each other (typically found in high abrasion areas where protection is needed). |
| Why are there three ways to describe the shape and height of epithelial cells? | All epithelial cells have six sides but they vary in height. |
| Describe squamous cells. | Flat and scale-like |
| Describe cuboidal cells | box-like with same height and width |
| Describe columnar cells | tall and column shaped |
| Where is simple squamous epithelium found? | where filtration occurs, kidneys, lungs |
| What are the two simple squamous epithelia in the body that have special names reflecting their location? | Endotheliumm mesothelium |
| Describe endothelium. | provides friction reducing lining in lymphatic vessels and all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system, heart, blood vessels, capillaries |
| Describe mesothelium | the epithelium found in serous membranes, lining the ventral body cavity and covering the organs within it. |
| Where is simple columnar epithelium found? | A single layer of tall closely packed cells that line the digestive tract from the stomach to the rectum. |
| What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium? | Absorption and secretion. |
| Name some characteristics of simple columnar epithelium | They contain dense microvilli on their apical surface. Some may display cilia on their free surface. |
| Where are pseudostratified columnar epithelium found? | All of their cells rest on the basement membrane and only the tallest reach the apical surface. Respiratory tract. |
| Name a quality of pseudostratified columnar epithelium. | Most contain cilia on their apical surface and line the respiratory tract. |
| What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? | protection. it forms the external part of the skin and extends into every body opening that's continuous with the skin. |
| Name the two types of stratified squamous epithelium | keratinized and nonkeratinized |
| Is the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) keratinized or non keratinized? | keratinized, has the protein keratin for protection |
| Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium found? | Inside the body |
| How prevalent is stratified cuboidal epithelium in the human body? | it is rare |
| Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found? | Ducts of glands, sweat, mammary. |
| How many layers of cuboidal cells does stratified cuboidal epithelium have? | two |
| How prevalent is stratified columnar epithelium? | rare |
| Where is stratified columnar epithelium found? | pharynx, male urethra, lining of some glandular ducts. transition areas (junctions) between other epithelial types. |
| Where is transitional epithelium found? | hollow urinary organs which stretch as they fill with urine. |
Created by:
amy wiseman
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