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Blood Vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In a process called autoregulation, ________ in response to a decline in dissolved oxygen levels within a tissue. | the precapillary sphincters relax |
| the right common carotid and right subclavian originate from_____ | the brachiocephalic trunk |
| If you were to travel within the blood, what vessels would you travel through as you leave the right ventricle and go back to the left atrium? Identify the circuit you would be traveling through. | pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary arterioles, capillaries, pulmonary veins,; pulmonary circuit. |
| During capillary exchange _______________________ causes filtration whereas ___________________________ causes osmosis. | capillary hydrostatic pressure; blood osmotic pressure |
| The gas exchange of CO2 and O2 occurs in what? | pulmonary circuit, allows for carbon dioxide to be released into the lungs and oxygen to be picked up by the red blood cells |
| During the long-term response to hemorrhage, which hormone(s) prominently promotes fluid retention and reabsorption at the kidneys? | ADH and aldosterone |
| What allows blood to flow from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in the fetal circulation? | ductas arteriosus |
| What is the advantage of the small diameter of capillaries? | It slows blood flow, allowing sufficient time for exchange of materials across the capillary walls to occur. |
| What blood vessels are able to absorb the pressure changes that occur during the cardiac cycle? | Arteries |
| Blood from the superficial structures of the head and neck is collected by_____ | external jugular vein |
| The umbilical cord consists of what vessels? | Two arteries and one vein |
| What would increase the rate of blood flow? | decrease in blood viscosity |
| What hormones increase blood pressure? | ADH, EPO, angiotensin II |
| What hormone does not increase blood pressure? | ANP |
| How does blood overcome gravity and low pressure as it moves along a tibial vein back to the heart? | muscular compression, respiratory pump, and venous valves |
| What vessels of the systemic circuit has the lowest pressure? | inferior vena cava |
| When comparing arteries and veins, what statement is NOT correct? | the arteries contain more blood than veins do |
| After merging with the external and internal jugular veins, the subclavarian vein becomes the ______ | brachiocephalic vein |
| What is the large vein next to the common carotid that drains the brain? | internal jugular |
| What is located in the aortic and carotid sinuses that is involved with cardiovascular regulation and responds to degree of stretch? | baroreceptors |
| What statement is not true regarding blood vessels? | arteries always carry oxygenated blood |
| Function of arteriole? | controls blood pressure |
| Function of venule? | smallest vessel, and drains tissues |
| Characteristic of vein? | largest lumen |
| Characteristic of artery? | thickest wall |
| Characteristic of capillary? | most permeable |
| The vessels that permit exchange of materials between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluid are termed? | capillaries |
| The force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries is called? | capillary hydrostatic pressure |
| The instrument used to measure blood pressure is the_____ | sphygmomanometer |
| What is the top number in blood pressure reading? | systolic pressure |
| Baroreceptors that function in maintaining adequate blood flow to the brain are located in the ______ | carotid sinus |
| When one exercises at maximal levels, only the blood supply to the _____ in unaffected | brain |
| The vessel that receives most of teh blood from organs inferior to the diaphragm is the _______ | inferior vena cava |
| What contains oxygenated blood returning from the placenta? | umbillical vein |
| The term Blood Pressure refers to the pressure in _________ of the cardiovascular system | all arterial vessels |
| If you were to follow the flow of blood after it leaves the heart, what is the correct order of blood vessels it would travel through? | arteries, arterioles, cappilaries, venules, veins |
| Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located? | carotid sinus and aortic arch, they detect changes in blood pressure by the degree of stretch on the blood vessel |
| If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)? | Increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity in an attempt to lower blood pressure |
| Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in | an increase in heart rate and contractility |
| A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in | an increase in heart contractility |
| What would cause the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla? | a decrease in blood pressure at the baroreceptors |
| In the capillaries, bydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by | blood pressure |
| The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the _______ minus the hydrostatic pressure in the _______. | capillaries; interstitial fluid |
| If the capillary hydrostatic pressure at the arteriole end is 35 mmHg and the interstitial hydrostatic pressure is 1 mmHg, what is the net hydrostatic pressure at the arteriole end? | 34 mmHg |
| The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by ______ | Proteins in the blood |
| What net pressure draws fluid in to the capillary? | net osmotic rpessure |
| Why does reabsorbption of fluid into the capillary take place at the venule end? | net osmotic pressure i sgreater than the net hydrostatic pressure at the venule end |
| What is a factor affecting blood flow? | turbulence, resistance, and viscosity |
| What is a factor that does not affect blood flow? | direction |
| Chemoreceptors are to oxygen as baroreceptors are to _______ | blood pressure |
| What hormones are released in response to a decrease in blood volume? | ADH and Renin |
| When blood flow in the capillary bed decreases in response to locally high oxygen levels, it is caused by ________ | autoregulation |
| What hormone is released by the kidneys when blood pressure falls or the oxygen content of the blood becomes abnormally low? | erythropoietin |
| Angiotensin II elevates systemic blood pressure by | triggering ateriole constriction |
| Which of the following monitors the composition of the CSF? | Sensory neurons on the surface of the medulla oblongata |
| Which reflex specifically adjusts cardiac output and peripheral resistance to maintain arterial pressures? | baroreceptor reflex |
| Explain the common carotid: | Splits to form the interal and external carotid artiers to supply the brain and structures of the head and face |
| What carries deoxyginated blood from the brain? | the internal jugular, a large vein in the anterior neck that returns blood to the circulatory system |
| The fusion of the two brachiocephalic veins forms the______ | superior vena cava |
| the two iliac veins from the_______ | inferior vena cava |
| The right common carotid and right subclavian originate from ______ | the brachiocephalic artery |
| Which of the following is a shunt (short-circuit) that exists between the pulmonary and aortic trunks in the fetus? | Ductus arteriorsus |
| In a fetus, blood from the right atrium can flow freely to the left atrium through the ________, thus bypassing the pulmonary circuit. | foramen ovale |
| Regarding the placental blood supply, blood that bypasses the liver capillaries reaches the inferior vena cava within the ________. | ductus venosus |
| Which age -related change is defined as the formation of stationary blood clot? | thrombus |
Created by:
iessnorris
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