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NAU A&P 11
NAU The Nervous System 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| System for information and communication | Nervous System |
| 2 Structural division of the nervous system | Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
| Any tissue or organ that carries out a command from the nervous system. | Effector |
| Portion of the neuron that transmits impulses from the spinal cord and brain. | Efferent or Motor Neuron |
| Portion of the neuron that transmits impulses to the spinal cord and brain. | Afferent or Sensory Neuron |
| Layers of protection for the brain, starting with the outside. | Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Subarachnoid, Pia Mater |
| Connective tissue, no epithelial cells, that covers nervous tissue. | Meninges |
| Tough, leather covering, just underneath the skull and houses blood vessels. | Dura Mater |
| On the outside of the Dura Mater, separates the two halves of the brain and is anchored to the Cristi Galli | Falx Cerebri |
| Cobwebish netting just below the Dura Mater | Arachnoid |
| Space below the arachnoid layer, which allows the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). | Sub-arachnoid |
| Innermost layer, lays right on the surface of the brain. | Pia Mater |
| Occurs when the brain hits against the cranial cavity hard. Degree of damage is related to the degree of swelling. | Concussion |
| Creates a pathway in one direction as a shock absorber, nutrient and waste flow, creates blood brain barrier. Allows nicotine, alcohol, anesthesia and drugs. | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| Produces the Cerebrospinal Fluid | Choroids Plexus |
| Spaces within the brain which allow the flow of CSF. | Ventricles |
| Name the ventricles of the brain | 2 Lateral ventricles, Third ventricle, Fourth ventricle, Cerebral Aqueduct and Interventricular Foramen |
| 2 ventricles, one located in each hemisphere | Lateral Ventricles |
| The slit between the left and right halves of the thalamus and between the lateral ventricles | Third Ventricle |
| Lies between the inferior brain stem and the cerebellum. | Fourth Ventricle |
| Allows communication between the third and fourth ventricles | Cerebral Aqueduct |
| Allows communication between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle. | Interventricular Foramen |
| Helps keep the Cerebrospinal Fluid flowing in one direction | Epidemyal Cells |
| Only system of nervous tissue that will regenerate in adulthood. | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
| Myelinated fibers within the Central Nervous System | Tracks |
| Myelinated fibers within the Peripheral Nervous System | Nerves |
| Is unmyelinated tissue. Open and free communication, so neurons can communicate with one another. | Grey Matter |
| Myleinated tissue, that has walls and no free communication between the neurons. | White Matter |
| Organization of the spinal consists of: | Sensory neuron or Ascending Afferent Track, Dorsal Horn, Ventral Horn, Motor Response or Efferent |
| Grey Matter or myelinated matter consists of: | Dorsal Horn, Ventral Horn, Gray Commissure |
| Takes ascending tracks to CNS and is then determined by spinal cord if the information is important to be taken to the brain | Sensory Neuron |
| Received through ascending tracks, is sensory information | Dorsal Horn |
| Takes through descending tracks, motor division includes the efferent (gland, nerve or muscle) | Ventral Horn |
| Reflex Arc consists of: | Receptor, Sensory Neuron or Afferent or Ascending track, CNS receives information into Dorsal Horn and back out through the Ventral Horn, Motor neuron or descending track or efferent, and the Effector |
| The largest portion of the brain that consists of gyri and sulci . Is covered by the cerebral cortex and is divided into left and right hemispheres. | Cerebrum |
| Lumps of the brain | Gyri |
| Grooves of the brain | Sulci |
| Lobes of the Cerebrum consists of: | One Frontal Lobe, Two Parietal Lobes, Two Temporal Lobes, One Occipital Lobe and the Insula |
| Lobe named for the bone it is under. Primary motor cortex and contains the brocha. Stroke will not allow movement of the mouth. | Frontal Lobe |
| Motor Speech area of the Frontal Lobe | Brocha |
| Two lobes named for the bones they are under. Main sensory cortex. | Parietal Lobes |
| Two lobes named for the bones they are under. Auditory area and contains Wernicke’s. | Temporal Lobe |
| Speech and language comprehension area of the temporal lobe. | Wernicke’s |
| Lobe named for the bone it is under. The Visual cortex. Stroke in this area will cause blindness. | Occipital Lobe |
| The lobe that fills in the blanks, located under the frontal lobe. | Insula |
| This band of white matter forms a crossover bridge for communication and holds the 2 halves or hemispheres of the brain together. | Corpus Callosum |
| Clusters of grey matter or myelinated masses within the cerebral hemispheres that function to regulate body movement and muscles of facial expression. | Basal Nuclei or Basal Ganglia |
| Four major divisions of the brain: | Central Sulcus, Lateral Sulcus, Transverse Fissure, Longitudinal Fissure |
| Separates the Frontal Lobe form the Parietal Lobes. | Central Sulcus |
| Separates the Temporal Lobe from the Parietal Lobes and Frontal Lobe. | Lateral Sulcus |
| Fissure that separates the cerebrum from the parietal and frontal lobes. | Transverse Fissure |
| Deep fissure that runs the entire length of the brain and separates the brain into left and right hemispheres. | Longitudinal Fissure |
| Structural Divisions of the Brain: | Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem and Cerebellum |
| Area between the cerebrum and brain stem. | Diencephalon |
| Greek for the inner room. In charge of editing your body. Gateway to the cortex, relays information, tones down information and edits information. | Thalamus |
| Below thalamus. Regulates many functions of the visceral organs, maintains homeostasis and controls endocrine system, part of the Limbic system. Also links the conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with the automatic function of the brain stem. | Hypothalamus |
| Involved in emotional states and behavior. Increases endorphins and enkephalins associated with eating chocolate and having sex. | Limbic System |
| Connects the cerebrum and diencephalons with the spinal cord. Is the area involved with the innervations of the face and head. Produces automatic behaviors necessary for survival. | Brain stem |
| Diencephalon consists of: | Thalamus and Hypothalamus |
| Makes up brain stem: | Midbrain, Medulla Oblongata and Pons |
| Superior portion of the brain stem. Contains reflexes concerning vision and hearing. Controls eyes closing when sneezing. | Midbrain |
| Helps regulate respiration. | Pons |
| Between the pons and spinal cord, centers for respiration control, heartbeat and vasometer functions. Important for regulation of blood pressure and blood flow. | Medulla Oblongata |
| Below the posterior portion of the cerebrum. Responsible for the coordination of voluntary muscles. Maintains balance and muscle tone. Portion susceptible to alcohol. | Cerebellum |
| Distinct regions of the skin surface that are supplied by a single spinal nerve. | Dermatone |
| Pustule coming from dermatonal nerves. | Shingles |
| Clusters of nerves. | Plexus |
| Network of capillaries that lie in the third ventricle and produces CSF. | Choroids Plexus |
| Tar-like substance that coats axons and dendrites in the brain. | Alzheimer’s Disease |
| Is associated with Parkinson’s disease or any kind of repetitive nerve function damage. | Substantia nigra |
| Twelve cranial nerves in order: | Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal |
| 12 Cranial Nerves and what they do in order: | Olfactory-Sensory, Optic-Sensory, Oculomotor-Motor, Trochlear-Motor, Trigeminal-Both, Abducens-Motor, Facial-Both, Vestibulocochlear-Sensory, Glossopharyngeal-Both, Vagus-both, Spinal Accessory-Motor, Hypoglossal-Motor |
| Nerve located in the neck. | Cervical Plexus |
| Nerve located in the musculature of the arm. | Bracchial Plexus |
| Nerve located in the lower extremities and pelvic region. | Lumbar Plexus or Lumbosacral Plexus |
| Disorder of the brain: | Hydrocephalus, Cerebral Palsy, Tumors, Alzheimer’s, Stroke or Cerebrovascular accident, Epilepsy, Concussion and Parkinson’s |
| Types of Brain Scans: | CT, MRI, PET and EET or electroencephalograph |
| Provide photos of the bone, soft tissue and cavities of the brain. | CT or Computed Tomography |
| Gives more view of the brain than CT and may reveal tumors or etc.. | MRI or Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| Visualizes brain activity. | PET or Positron Emission Topography |
| Electrically tracts brain activity based on signals produced during brain function. | EEG or Electroencephalograph |
| Divisions of Sensory or Afferent Information: | Somatic Sensory and Visceral Sensory |
| Divisions of Visceral Sensory and Visceral Motor Information: | Automatic and Voluntary |
| Divisions of Motor Information: | Somatic Motor and Visceral Motor Information |
| Divisions of Automatic Visceral Sensory and Automatic Visceral Motor Information: | Sympathetic-Stimulatory or Parasympathetic |
| Voluntary Visceral Sensory Information: | Touch, Pain, Pressure, Vibration and Temperature |
| Automatic Visceral Sensory Information: | Stretching, Pain, Temperature, Chemical Changes & Visceral irritations such as nausea and hunger |
| Voluntary Visceral Motor Information: | Motor innervations of all skeletal muscles except pharyngeal arch muscles |
| Automatic Visceral Motor Information: | Motor innervations of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands |
Created by:
FKrouse
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