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Head & Neck ana Ch.3
Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aperture | opening or orifice in bone |
| Arch | prominent bridgelike bony structure |
| Articulation | area where the bones are joined to each other |
| Bones | mineralized structures of the body that protect internal soft tissues and serve as the biomechanical basis for movement |
| Canal | opening in bone that is long, narrow, and tubelike |
| Condyle | oval, bony prominence typically located at articulations |
| Cornu | small hornlike prominence |
| Crest | roughened border or ridge on the none surface |
| Eminence | tubercle or rounded elevation on a bony surface |
| Fissure | opening in bone that is narrow and cleflike |
| Foramen/Foramina | short, windowlike opening in bone |
| Head | rounded surface projecting from a bone by a neck |
| Incisura | indentation or notch at the edge of the bone |
| Joint | site of a junction or union between two or more bones |
| Line | straight, small ridge of bone |
| Meatus | opening or canal in the bone |
| Ostium/ostia | small opening in bone |
| Perforation | abnormal hole in a hollow organ, such as in the wall of a sinus |
| Plate | flat structure of bone |
| Primary sinusitis | inflammation of the sinus |
| Process | general term for any prominence on a bony surface |
| Secondary sinusitis | inflammation of the sinus related to another source |
| Spine | abrupt, small prominence of bone |
| Sulcus/sulci | shallow depression or groove such as that on the bony surface |
| Suture | generally immovable articulation in which bones are joined by fibrous tissue |
| Tubercle | eminence or small, rounded elevation on the bony surface |
| Tuberosity | large, often rough prominence on the surface of bone |
| The skull consists of _____ bones | 22, not including the small bones of the middle ear |
| What structure is most flexible in infants | sutures |
| Cranium | structure that is formed by the cranial skull bones and includes the occipital, frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. It is the portion housing the brain |
| All skull bones are immovable except for which one | the temporomandibular joint |
| What consists of the braincase | the cranium and face |
| What four cranial bones are visible when viewed from above | the frontal, both parietals, and occipital bones |
| Coronal Suture | the suture between the frontal and parietal bones |
| Sagittal Suture | the suture between the paired parietal bones |
| Lambdoidal Suture | the suture between the occipital bone and both parietal bones that forms the inverted "V" |
| Which bones are visible from the anterior (front) view | the frontal, ethmoid, vomer, sphenoid and the mandible bones |
| Orbit | eye cavity, which contains and protects the eyeballs |
| Orbital Walls | walls of the orbit composed of portions of the frontal, ethmoid lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic and sphenoid bones |
| Orbital Apex | deepest portion of the orbit composed of portions of the sphenoid and palatine bones |
| Optic Canal | canal in the orbital apex between the roots of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone |
| What nerve and artery pass through the optic canal to reach the eyeball | the second cranial nerve/optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery |
| Superior Orbital Fissure | fissure between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone that transmits structures from the cranial cavity to the orbit |
| Inferior Orbital Fissure | fissure between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and maxilla that carries the infraorbital and zygomatic nerves, as well as the infraorbital artery and inferior ophthalmic vein |
| What does the inferior orbital fissure connect the orbit with | the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae |
| Nasal Cavity | cavity of the nose |
| Piriform Aperture | anterior opening of the nasal cavity |
| Which bones form the nasal cavity | the paired nasal bones |
| Which bones form the lateral boundaries of the nasal cavity | the maxillae |
| Nasal Conchae | projecting structures that extend inward from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
| Which bone forms the superior and middle nasal conchae | the ethmoid bone |
| Nasal Meatus | groove beneath each nasal concha that contains openings for communication with the paranasal sinuses or nasolacrimal duct |
| Nasal Septum | vertical partition of the nasal cavity |
| Anteriorly, what structures form the nasal septum | the nasal septal cartilage and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone |
| Which bone forms the posterior portions of the nasal septum | the vomer |
| Temporal Lines | two separate parallel ridges, superior and inferior, on the lateral surface of the skull |
| Coronal Suture | suture between the frontal and parietal bones |
| Squamosal Suture | suture between the temporal and parietal bones |
| Temporal Fossa | fossa on the lateral surface of the skull that contains the body of the temporalis muscle |
| Infratemporal Fossa | fossa inferior to the temporal fossa and infratemporal crest on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone |
| Pterygopalatine Fossa | fossa deep to the infratemporal fossa and between the pterygoid process and maxillary tuberosity |
| Zygomatic Arch | arch formed by the union of the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone |
| Temporozygomatic suture | suture between the temporal and zygomatic bones |
| Temporomandibular joint | articulation between the temporal bone and mandible that allows for movement of the mandible |
| The hard palate if formed by which structures | the two palatine processes of the maxillae and the two horizontal plates of the palatine bones |
| Median Palatine Suture | a midline articulation between the two palatine processes of the maxillae and between the horizontal plates of the palatine bones |
| Transverse Palatine Suture | an articulation between the two palatine processes of the maxiallae and the two horizontal plates of the palatine bones |
| Posterior Nasal Apertures | posterior openings of the nasal cavity |
| Ptergoid Canal | small canal at the superior border of each posterior nasal aperture |
| Ptergopalatine Fossa | fossa deep to the infratemporal fossa and between the ptergoid process and maxillary tuberosity |
| Ptergoid process | portion of the sphenoid bone that forms the lateral borders of the posterior nasal apertures |
| Medial Ptergoid plate | portion of the ptergoid process |
| Lateral Ptergoid Plate | portion of the ptergoid process |
| Ptergoid fossa | fossa between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone |
| Hamulus | process of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone |
| Foramen Ovale | foramen in the sphenoid bone for the mandibular division of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve |
| Foramen Spinosum | foramen in the sphenoid bone for the middle meningeal artery |
| Spine of the sphenoid bone | spine located at the posterior extremity of the sphenoid bone |
| Foramen Lacerum | foramen among the sphenoid, occipital, and temporal bones that is filled with cartilage |
| Carotid Canal | canal in the temporal bone that carries the internal carotid artery |
| Styloid Process | bony projection of the temporal bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and ligaments |
| Stylomastoid foramen | foramen in the temporal bone that carries the facial or seventh cranial nerve |
| Jugular Foramen | foramen between the occipital and temporal bones that carries the internal jugular vein and ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves |
| Foramen Magnum | foramen in the occipital bone that carries the spinal cord, vertebral arteries, and eleventh cranial nerve |
| cribriform plate | horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone that is perforated with foramina for the olfactory nerves |
| foramen rotundum | foramen in the sphenoid bone that carries the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve |
| hypoglossal canal | canal in the occipital bone that carries the twelfth cranial nerve |
| internal acoustic meatus | bony meatus in the temporal bone that carries the seventh and eighth cranial nerves |
| List the cranial bones | occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, paired parietal, and temporal bones |
| Occipital Condyles | projections of the occipital bone that articulate with lateral masses of the first cervical vertebra |
| Basilar Portion | a four-sided plate anterior to the foramen magnum |
| Pharyngeal Tubercle | a midline projection on the stout basilar portion |
| Jugular Notch of the Occipital Bone | occipital or medial portion of the jugular foramen |
| Frontal Sinuses | paired paranasal sinuses located internally in the frontal bone |
| Supraorbital Ridges | ridge on the frontal bone located over the superior portion of the orbit |
| Supraorbital Notch | notch on the frontal bone located on the medial portion of the supraorbital ridge and is where the supraorbital artery and nerve travel from the orbit to the forehead |
| Zygomatic Process of the Frontal Bone | process lateral to the orbit |
| Lacrimal Fossa | fossa of the frontal bone that contains the lacrimal gland, located just inside the lateral portion of the supraorbital ridge. |
| Temporal Bones | paired cranial bones that form the lateral walls of the skull |
| Squamous Portion of the Temporal Bone | portion that forms the braincase and portions of the zygomatic arch and temporomandibular joint |
| Tympanic Portion of the Temporal Bone | portion that forms most of the external acoustic meatus |
| Petrous Portion of the Temporal Bone | inferior portion of the bone that contains the mastoid process and air cells |
| What are the three portions of the Temporal Bone | Squamous, Tympanic and Petrous |
| What landmarks are located within the Squamous portion of the Temporal Bone | the articular fossa, articular eminence, and postglenoid process |
| What landmarks are located within the tympanic portion of the temporal bone | external acoustic meatus, and petrotympanic fissure |
| What landmarks are located within the petrous portion of the temporal bone | mastoid process, mastoid air cells, mastoid notch, styloid process, stylomastoid foramen, carotid canal, and jugular notch of the temporal bone |
| petrotympanic fissure | fissure between the tympanic and petrosal portions of the temporal bone, just posterior to the articular fossa, through which the chorda tympani nerve emerges |
| mastoid process | area on the petrous portion of the temporal bone that contains the air cells and on which the cervical muscles attach |
| mastoid air cells | air spaces in the mastoid process of the temporal bone that communicate with the middle ear cavity |
| mastoid notch | notch on the mastoid process of the temporal bone |
| styloid process | bony projection of the temporal bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and ligaments |
| stylomastoid foramen | foramen in the temporal bone that carries the facial or seventh nerve |
| carotid canal | canal in the temporal bone that carries the internal carotid artery |
| jugular notch of the temporal bone | temporal or lateral portion of the jugular foramen |
| Body of the Sphenoid Bone | middle portion of the bone containing the sphenoidal sinuses |
| Sphenoidal Sinuses | paired sinuses located in the body of the sphenoid bone |
| Lesser Wing of the Sphenoid Bone | anterior process of the body of the sphenoid bone |
| Greater Wing of the Sphenoid Bone | posterolateral process of the body of the sphenoid bone |
| Spine of the Sphenoid Bone | spine located at the posterior extremity of the sphenoid bone |
| Infratemporal Crest | crest that divides each greater wing of the sphenoid bone into temporal and infratemporal surfaces |
| Perpendicular Plate | midline vertical plate of the ethmoid bone |
| Ethmoidal Sinuses | paired paranasal sinuses located in the ethmoid bone, which are also called ethmoid air cells |
| Crista Galli | vertical midline continuation of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone into the cranial cavity |
| Orbital Plate of the Ethmoid Bone | plate that forms most of the medial orbital wall |
| Nasolacrimal Duct | duct formed at the junction of the lacrimal and maxillary bones that drains the lacrimal fluid or tears |
| Frontal Process of the Zygomatic Bone | process that forms a portion of the orbital wall |
| Temporal Process of the Zygomatic Bone | process that forms a portion of the zygomatic arch |
| Maxillary Process of the Zygomatic Bone | process that forms a portion of the infraorbital rim and orbital wall |
| Infraorbital Rim | inferior rim of the orbit |
| Horizontal Plates of the Palatine Bones | plates that form the posterior portion of the hard palate |
| Vertical Plates of the Palatine Bones | plates that form a portion of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and orbital apex |
| Greater Palatine Foramen | foramen in the palatine bone that carries the greater palatine nerve and blood vessels |
| Lesser Palatine Foramen | foramen in the palatine bone that transmits the lesser palatine nerve and blood vessels |
| Maxillae | upper jaw that consists of two maxillary bones |
| Body of the Maxilla | portion of the maxilla that contains the maxillary sinus |
| Maxillary Sinuses | paranasal sinuses in each body of the maxilla |
| Frontal Process of the Maxilla | process that forms a portion of the orbital rim |
| Inferior Orbital Fissure | fissure between the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and maxilla that carries the ingraorbital and zygomatic nerves, as well as the infraorbital artery and inferior ophthalmic vein |
| Infraorbital Sulcus | groove in the floor of the orbital surface |
| Infraorbital Canal | canal off the infraorbital sulcus that terminates on the surface of the maxilla as the infraorbital foramen |
| Infraorbital Foramen | foramen of the maxilla that transmits the infraorbital nerve and blood vessels |
| Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla | process that forms a portion of the infraorbital rim |
| Palatine Process of the Maxilla | paired processes that articulate with each other and form the anterior portion of the hard palate |
| Incisive Foramen | foramen in the maxilla that carries branches of the right and left nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels and is marked by the incisive papilla |
| Incisive Papilla | bulge of tissue on the hard palate over the incisive foramen |
| Maxillary Tuberosity | elevation on the posterior aspect of the maxilla that is perforated by the posterior superior alveolar foramina |
| Posterior Superior Alveolar Foramina | foramina on the maxillary tuberosity that carry the posterior superior alveolar nerve and blood vessels |
| Mental Protuberance | mandibular bony prominence of the chin |
| Symphysis | midline articulation where bones are joined by fibrocartilage such as the midline ridge on the mandible that fuses together in early childhood |
| Mental Foramen | foramen between the apices of the mandibular first and second premolars that transmits the mental nerve and blood vessels |
| Body of the Mandible | horizontal portion of the mandible |
| Ramus | plate of the mandible that extends superiorly from the body of the mandible |
| Coronoid Process | anterior superior projection of the ramus of the mandible |
| Coronoid Notch | notch in the anterior border of the ramus |
| External Oblique Line | crest on the lateral side of the mandible, where the ramus joins the body |
| Angle of the Mandible | angle at the intersection of the posterior and inferior borders of the ramus |
| Condyle of the Mandible | projection of bone from the ramus of the mandible that participates in the temporomandibular joint |
| Articulating Surface of the Condyle | portion of the head of the condyle that articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint |
| Mandibular Notch | notch located on the mandible between the condyle and coronoid porcess |
| Genial Tubercles | midline bony projections or the mental spines on the inner aspect of the mandible |
| Retromolar Triangle | portion of the mandibular alveolar process just posterior to the most distal mandibular molar that is covered by the retomolar pad |
| Mylohyoid Line | line on the inner aspect of the mandible |
| Sublingual Fossa | fossa on the medial surface of the mandible, above the mylohyoid line, that contains the sublingual salivary gland |
| Submandibular Fossa | fossa on the medial surface of the mandible, below the mylohyoid line, that contains the submandibular salivary gland |
| Mandibular Foramen | foramen of the mandible that allows the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels to exit or enter the mandibular canal |
| Mandibular Canal | canal in the mandible where the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels travel |
| Lingula | bony spine overhanging the mandibular foramen |
| Mylohyoid Groove | groove on the mandible where the mylohyoid nerve and blood vessels travel |
| Articulating Surface of the condyle | portion of the head of the condyle that articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint |
| Ptergoid Fovea | depression on the anterior surface of the condyle of the mandible |
| Paranasal Sinuses | paired, filled cavities in bone that include the frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses |
| Paranasal Sinusitis | a condition in which the mucous membranes of the sinuses can become inflamed and congested with mucus |
| Secondary Sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses from another source, such as an infection of the adjacent teeth |
| Frontonasal Duct | a constricted canal that allows each frontal sinus to communicate with and drain into the nasal cavity to the middle nasal meatus |
| Cervical Vertebrae | vertebrae in the vertebral column between the skull and thoracic vertebrae |
| Vertical Foramen | central foramen in the vertebrae for the spinal cord and associated tissues |
| Transverse Foramen | foramen on the transverse processes of each cervical vertebra that carries the vertebral artery |
| Transverse Process | lateral projections of the cervical vertebrae |
| Atlas | first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the occipital bone |
| Lateral Masses | lateral portions of the first cervical vertebra where it articulates with the occipital bone above and the axis below |
| Anterior Arch | arch of the atlas or first cervical vertebra |
| Posterior Arch | arch on the first cervical vertebra |
| Superior Articular Processes | processes from a vertebra that allow articulation with the vertebra above |
| Inferior Articular Processes | processes of the first and second cervical vertebrae that allow articulation with the vertebrae below |
| Axis | second cervical vertebra, which articulates with the first and third cervical vertebrae |
| Dens | odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra |
| Hyoid Bone | bone suspended in the neck that allows the attachment of many muscles |
| Body of the Hyoid Bone | anterior midline portion of the hyoid bone |
| Greater Cornu | pair of projections from the sides of the body of the hyoid bone |
| Lesser Cornu | pair of projections of the hyoid bone |
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dyoung07
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