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Chap #1 Human Body
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine N. Marieb
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Anatomy = ana (apart) tomy (to cut). The science of the structure of living organisms. The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts. |
| Gross Anatomy | Studying large, easily observable structures (body, heart or bones) |
| Microscopic Anatomy | Structures too small to be seen with the naked eye. (cells, tissues) |
| Physiology | Physiology = physio (nature) ology (the study of). The science of the functioning or living organisms. The study of how the body and its parts work or function. |
| Relationship between Anatomy and Physiology | Structure (anatomy) determines what functions (physiology) that can take place. A given function can only occur if the corresponding structure allows it. |
| LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION: | Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal |
| Chemical Level | Atoms combine to form molecules. (glucose) All the chemical reactions that occur in the body and release food energy require oxygen. Is the simplest level of the structural ladder. |
| Cellular Level | Molecules combine to form cells |
| Tissue Level | Consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function - Four basic types epithelial, connective, muscular and neural. |
| Organ (Organismal) Level | Composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific function. |
| Organ System (systemic) Level | A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common function. (digestive system - esophagus, stomach and intestines.) |
| Organismal Level | Organ systems combine to make up a living body. The highest level. |
| Atom | The smallest part of an element, indivisible by ordinary chemical means. |
| Cell | The basic biological unit of living organisms, containing a nucleus and a variety or organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane. |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function, primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues. |
| Organ | A part of the body formed of two or more tissues that performs a specified function. (Stomach) A group of tissues working together for a specific function form an organ. |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform a common function, they can share organs with other systems, they function together to ensure the wellness of the organism, they act dependently on each other. |
| Organism | An individual living thing. Survival depends on the ability to maintain one's boundaries, to move, respond to stimuli, to reproduce, metabolize, grow, digest food, and excrete wastes. |
| ORGAN SYSTEMS | Integumentary System - SKINSkeletal SystemMuscular SystemNervous SystemEndocrine SystemCardiovascular SystemLymphatic SystemRespiratory SystemDigestive SystemUrinary System Reproductive System |
Created by:
Colorado Born
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