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Introduction Ana.
Intro to anatomy and physiology; chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is Anatomy? | study of the structure of body parts and their relationship with one another |
| Gross | visible to the naked eye |
| 3 types of Gross Anatomy | Regional, systemic, developmental |
| Microscopic | requires a microscope |
| 2 types of Microscopic Anatomy | Cytology, Histology |
| What is Physiology? | study of the functioning of the body structural machinery and how the parts work to sustain life |
| Principle of complementarity of structure and function | anatomy and physiology are inseparable; function always reflects structure, what structure can do depends on its specific form |
| levels of structural organization | chemical, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| Necessary life function are accomplished through HINT: there are 8 | maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth |
| interdependence of body cells | all cells depend on organ systems to meet their survival needs, all body functions spread among different organ systems |
| 5 survival needs | nutrients, oxygen, water, stable body temp (37), atmospheric pressure (gas exchange) |
| Homostasis | the same state, maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in enviroment; maintained by contributions of all organs systems, |
| Homoeostasis Control Mechansims (HCM) HINT: there are 3 | Receptor (recieves stimulus), Control centre (processes stimulus), Effector (responds to stimulus) |
| Two types of HCM | 1. Negative feedback mechanism 2. positive feedback mechanism |
| Negative feedback mechanism | the response to the stimulus that acts to turn off stimulus e.g.. you are cold so you put on a jacket |
| Positive feedback mechanism | the response to the stimulus that amplifies the stimulus eg. sex |
| anatomical position | body erect, feet slightly apart with palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body |
| regional terms | two major divisions of the body; head, neck, trunk, limb, appendicular ( bones), axial |
| sagittal plane | divides body into left and right parts |
| Frontal (coronal) plane | divides body into anterior and posterior (belly and back) |
| transverse (horizontal) plane | divides body into superior and inferior planes (top and bottom) |
| Dorsal body cavity | protects nervous system. Cranial cavity (encloses brain), Vertebral cavity (encases spinal cord) |
| Ventral body cavity | houses internal organs. Thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity |
| Body Cavity regions | |
| Superior | toward head |
| Inferior | toward feet |
| Anterior | nearer the front of body |
| Posterior | nearer the back of body |
| medial | nearer to the median plane of body |
| lateral | farther from the median plane of body |
| proximal | nearer to attachment of a limb or structure |
| distal | farther away from attachment of limb or structure |
| superficial | nearer to surface |
| deep | farther from surface |
Created by:
carolinegurnsey
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