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Anatomy
Anatomy exam II Posterior abdominal wall and GU system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the muscles of the posterior wall? (4) | 1. quadratus lumborum 2. psoas major 3. psoas minor 4. iliacus (iliopsoas) |
| What are all the muscles of the posterior wall innervated by? | the lumbar plexus |
| What are the 3 apertures of the diaphragm? | 1. caval hiatus 2. esophageal hiatus 3. aortic hiatus |
| The caval hiatus comes from ____ | T8 |
| The esophageal hiatus comes from ____ | T10 |
| The aortic hiatus comes from ___ | T12 |
| The median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm contains the ___ and ___ | right crus and left crus |
| The medical arcuate ligament of the diaphragm contains the ___ | psoas major |
| The lateral arcuate ligament of the contains the ____ | quadratus lumborum |
| The abdominal aorta has ____ and ___ branches | somatic and visceral |
| The inferior phrenic arteries give rise to ____ _____ arteries | superior suprarenal |
| What are the 4 somatic branches of the abdominal aorta? | 1. inferior phrenic arteries 2. lumbar arteries 3. median sacral artery 4. common iliac arteries |
| What are the 3 single visceral branches of the abdominal aorta? | 1. celiac trunk 2. superior mesenteric artery 3. inferior mesenteric artery |
| What are the 3 paired viseral branches of teh abdominal aorta? | 1. middle suprarenal arteries 2. renal arteries 3. gonadal arteries |
| The ____ is formed by the fusion of the right and left common iliac veins | inferior vena cava |
| The inferior vena cava drains into 6 different veins. What are they? | 1. lumbar vv 2. r gonadal v 3. renal v 4. r suparenal v 5. inferior phrenic v 6. hepatic vv |
| The inferior vena cava is connected with the ____ system of veins in the thorax | azygos |
| The IVC is located _____ | retroperitoneally |
| The IVC ascends to the ___ and ____ of the aorta | right and posterior |
| The IVC traverses on posterior edge of teh ____ toward a more anterioe position | liver |
| The IVC passes through diaphragm at ____ level | T8 |
| The portosystemic anastamoses is also known as _____ | portocaval anastamoses |
| The portosystemic anastamoses is a method of ____ venous circulation | collateral |
| Portosystemic anastamoses is important in _____ hypertension | portal |
| What are the 3 areas where there is overlap between the 2 systems? | 1. gastroesophageal 2. anal 3. periumbilical |
| All the blood in our body passes through each kidney ____ times every day | 400 |
| Adults pass about ____ of urine each day depending on the fluids and food consumed | 1½ quarts |
| Normal urine is ____. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products. It is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi | sterile |
| Kidneys are embedded within an accumulation of peritoneal fat called ____ | perinephic (perirenal) fat |
| The perinephretic fat is encased by a condensation of extraperitoneal fascia called the ____ | renal fascia |
| The renal fascia is encased in the ____ | paranephric fat |
| Kidneys are “____” shape with a medially-directed hilum | Bean |
| _____ is where the other structures such as the renal vessels and ureter are located | Hilum |
| The ___ kidney is slightly lower than the ____ kidney due to the liver | right; left |
| When the right and left kidneys are fused together is called ____ | horseshoe kindney |
| With a horseshoe kidney, it can lead to ____ obstruction or infection from ____ unrine and stones | ureter; unvoided |
| The ____ are a continuation of the renal pelvis | ureters |
| The ureters have restrictions at ___, ___ and ____ | uteropelvic junction; pelvic inlet; entrance to bladder |
| What is the blood supply for the kidneys? | R and L renal arteries |
| What are the 4 commonents of ureter blood supply? | 1. renal arteries 2. gonadal arteries 3. common iliac arteries 4. vesicular arteries |
| Suprarenal glands have a ___ and a ___ | cortex and a medulla |
| Suprarenal glands are also called _____ | adrenal glands |
| The adrenal glands major role is _____ | regulating the stress response |
| Adrenal medulla is special because it receives direct _____ | preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
| What is the blood supply to suprarenal glands? (3) | 1.superior suprarenal arteries 2. middle suprarenal artery 3. inferior suprarenal arteries |
| The ____ is the smooth region of the bladder between the two openings of the ureters (superiorly) and the internal urethral orifice (inferiorly) | trigone |
| Around the internal urethral orifice of teh bladder (in males only) is the ____ (smooth muscle) | internal urethral sphincter |
| The wall of the bladder is a smooth muscle called the ____ | detrusor muscle |
| The wall of the bladder is corrugated for the ___ ability | stretch |
| The urethra in females is ___ and empties into ____ | short; vestibule |
| The urethra in males is ____ and has 4 parts ____, ____, ____, ____ | long; preprostatic part; prostatic part; membranous oart; spongy part |
| Peristaltic transport of urine to urinary bladder through ____ | ureters |
| Ureters enter bladder through the ____ | ureteric orfices |
| Bladder fills and expands ___ | superiorly |
| During retention of urine the ____ is relaxed, in the ____ sphincter is contracted and there is an ____ contraction of the external sphincter | ddetrusor, internal; active |
| Distension of the bladder by filling requires pressure on the ureters to ____ filling | decreases |
| For eliminiation, there is relaxation of the ____ sphincter, contraction of the ____ muscle and relaxation of the ______ is voluntary | internal; detrusor; external sphincter |
| There is a _____ reflex where stretch receptors activated can stimulate preganglionic parasympathetics in sacral spinal cord and partially inhibit _____ nervous system activities | spinal; sympathetic and somatic |
| Intact nervous system essential for _____ to function properly | micturition |
| ____ uses a machine to filter blood since kidnes cannot | dialysis |
| Dialysis treatment lasts on average of ____hours | 3 |
| Anterior lower limb is innervated by _____ divisions | posterior |
| Posterior lower limb is innervated by ____ divisions | anterior |
| Iliohypogastric nerve & Ilioinguinal nerve formed from ___ nerve root and innervate ____ abdominal wall | L1; anterior |
Created by:
luckynikki
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