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AnP Chapter 1 part A
Chapter 1 part A
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Anatomy | Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another |
Physiology | Study of the function of body parts, how they work to carry out life sustaining activities |
Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy | Study of large, Visible Structures |
Regional Anatomy | Looks at all structured in a particular area of the body |
System Anatomy | Looks at just one system |
Surface Anatomy | looks at internal structured as they relate to overlying skin |
Microscopic Anatomy | Deals with structures to small to be seen by naked eye |
Developmental Anatomy | Studies anatomical and physiological development through out life |
Cytology | Microscopic study of cells |
Histology | Microscopic study of tissues |
Chemical Level | Atoms, Molecules and Organelles |
Cellular Level | Single Cell |
Tissue Level | Group of similar cells |
Organ Level | Contains at least 2 types of tissues |
Organ System Level | Organs that work together |
Organismal Level | all organ systems combined to make the whole organism |
Maintaining Boundaries | Separation between internal and external environments must exist. |
Movement | Of body parts Via skeletal muscles also cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. |
Contractilly | Movement at the cellular level (fibers) |
Responsiveness | Ability to sense and respond to stimuli |
Digestion | Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs followed by absorption of simple molecules into blood. |
Metabolism | All chemical reactions that occur in body cells. Sum of all catabolism and anabolism |
Excretion | Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion |
Reproduction | At a cellular level involves division of cell for growth or repair, organismal level is the production of off spring. |
Integumentary System | Forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes Vitamin D and houses cutaneous receptors and sweat and oil glands |
Skeletal System | Protects and supports body organs and provides framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals like calcium |
Muscular System | Allows manipulation of the environment locomotion and facial expression. Maintains posture and produces heat. |
Nervous System | As the Fast Acting control system of the body it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands. |
Endocrine System | Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells. |
Cardiovascular System | Blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste etc |
Lymphatic System | Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of derbies in the lymphatic system. Houses white blood cells involved in immunity. |
Respiratory System | Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. |
Digestive System | Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. |
Urniary System | Excretes nitrogenous wastes from the body. regulates water, electrolyte and acid base balance of the blood. |
Male Reproductive System | Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract. |
Female Reproductive System | Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. The remaining female structure serves as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. |
Survival Needs | Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Temp, and Appropriate Atmospheric Pressure. |
Homeostasis | Steady state of the body maintains internally despite continuous changes in environment. Always readjusting. Contributions of all organ systems. |
Homeostatic Controls | Involves 3 Components Receptor, Control Center, and Effector. |
Receptor | Affective, monitors environment and responds to stimuli |
Control Center | Determines which variables is maintained. Receives output from control. |
Effector | Receives output from control. Provides the means to respond, either reduces or enhances stimuli |