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AnP Ch 3 Part A
Chapter 3 Part A
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell therory | Cell is the structural and functional unit of life. Cells undergo Differentiation. |
| Extracellular Materials | Body Fluids such as Blood Plasma fluid of the blood. |
| Plasma Membrane | Consist of membrane lipids that form a flexible lipid bi-layer. |
| Membrane Proteins | Float through this fluid membrane resulting in constantly changing patterns. |
| Membrane Lipids | Phosphate heads are polar and are hydrophillic (water loving) Fatty acid tails are non polar and are Hydrophobic (water fearing). |
| Membrane Proteins | Allow cell communications with environment. Make up half the mass of plasma membrane. float freely. |
| Integral Proteins | Most are trans-membrane proteins (span membrane) Have both regions, function as transport proteins, enzymes or receptors. |
| Peripheral Proteins | Loosely attached to integral proteins. Function as enzymes. |
| Glycocalyx | Consist of sugars sticking out of cell surface. Functions as specific biological markers for cell-to-cell recognition. |
| Cell Junctions | Some are free like blood and sperm cells. Can be bound by Tight Junctions, Desmosomes and Gap Junctions |
| Tight Junctions | Integral proteins on adjacent cells fuse to form an impermeable junction that encircles whole cell. |
| Desmosomes | Linker proteins (cadherns) of neighboring cells interlock like the teeth of a zipper. Allow give between cells reducing the possibility of tearing under tension. |
| GapJunctions | Trans-membrane proteins (connexons) form tunnels that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell. Used to spread ions, sugars or other small molecules. allows electrical signals to pass. |
| Passive Processes | No energy required |
| Active Processes | Energy (ATP) requried |
| Passive Transport | Requires no energy. 2 types of this are Diffusion and Filtration |
| Diffusion | Simple Diffusion, Osmosis and Facilitated Diffusion. Concentration Gradient. Lipid soluble and non polar substances. Very small molecules and large molecules assisted by carriers. |
| Filtration | Usually occurs across capillary walls. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Hydrophobic molecules. are transported passivley down their concentration gradient. |
| Carrier- Mediated Facilitated Diffusion | Substance bind to protein carriers. carriers are trans-membrane integral proteins. |
| Channel- Mediated Facilitated Diffusion | Channels with aqueous filled cored are formed by trans-membrane proteins. Leakage Channels are always open. grated Channels are controlled by chemical or electrical signals. |
| Osmosis | Movement of water across a selectively permeable membreane |
| Osmolarity | Measure of total concentration of solute particles. |
| Hydrostatic Pressre | Pressure of water inside cell pushing on membrane |
| Osmotic Pressure | Tendency of water to move into cell by osmosis |
| Tonicity | Ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of cells by altering the cells internal water volume. |
| Isotonic Solution | Has same osmolarity as inside the cell so volume remains unchanged. |
| Hypertonic Solution | Has higher osmolarity than inside cell so water flows out of cell resulting in cell shrinking. shriveling of cell. |
| Hypotonic Solution | Has lower osmolarity than inside cell so water flows into cell resulting in cell swelling. Can lead to bursting of cell. |
Created by:
Jaytee07
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