Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Apologia Human body
Module 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When you flex your forearm, which division of your PNS is being used? | efferent |
| When you touch a hot stove, you pull your hand immediately away to avoid being seriously burned. Which system of the PNS is utilized first in this situation? | afferent |
| A signal is traveling down the process of a neuron. It is traveling in the same direction as another signal in another process of that same neuron. is this signal traveling towards or away from the cell body? | to the cell body |
| An axon has a myelin sheath produced by Schwann cells. | PNS |
| In studying a rat's brain, a scientist notices that the microglia are very active. What does this tell you about the rat's brain? | it probably has an infection |
| A group of axons bundled together is severed and does not heal. There are two possible reasons for this. | Axons in the CNS are severed or not lined up well. |
| Suppose the membrane suddenly became very permeable to sodium ions. What would happen to the potential difference between the inside and outside of the axon? | The potential difference would become less negative. |
| If the potassium channels in an axon's membrane are open, is the potential difference becoming more positive or less negative? | More. |
| At a given instant in time, an axon has a high concentration of sodium ions inside the cell and a high concentration of potassium ions outside the cell. What will happen next? | The sodium-potassium exchange pump to move the potassium back into the cell and move the sodium back out so that the neuron is ready for another action potential. |
| A perfectly healthy neuron does not respond to a stimulus. Based on what you know now, there are two possible reason for this. What are they? | The stimulus is subthreshold. The neuron is in the absolute refractory period. |
| Suppose you are in a dimly-lit room and then suddenly someone shines a bright light in your eyes. What changes occur in the action potentials being sent from your eyes to your brain? | The change is the frequency of action potentials. |
| When a doctor asks whether the pain you feel is sharp or dull, what can the answer tell the doctor about the nerves? | myelinated or unmyelinated |
| As you read this question, cells in your eyes are sending information to your brain which your brain uses to form an image of the words that you read. This information is being sent along _______________ _________. | afferent nerves |
| When you are digesting food, smooth muscles churn your stomach. This is being controlled by the ________ ________ of the PNS. | efferent divison |
| What would be the most specific way to describe the nerves involved in digesting food? | The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is being used. |
| bind CNS neurons together and insulate the axon | oligodendrocytes |
| insulate PNS axons | Schwann cells |
| engage in phagocytosis to fight infections | micoglia |
| form the blood-brain barrier | astrocytes |
| secrete cerebrospinal fluid | non-ciliated ependymal cells |
| move cerebrospinal fluid around so that it stays homogeneous | ciliated ependymal cells |
| Carries only sensory information from a receptor to the CNS | sensory nerve |
| Carries signals only from the CNS to effector organs such as muscles | motor nerve |
| Carries sensory information from a receptor to the CNS and from the CNS to effector organs/ most nerves in the body are these | mixed nerves |
| An axon covered by an oligodendrocyte is part of the | CNS |
| An axon covered by an oligodendrocyte will or will not regenerate if severed? | will not |
| An axon is covered by several Schwann cells. If severed, is it guaranteed to heal? | No |
| What does an axon need to heal besides Schwann cells? | Aligned with the severed part in order for the Schwann cells to guide the axon to it |
| At one point in the axon, there is a high concentration of sodium ions outside of the cell and a high concentration of potasium ions inside the cell. Is the cell at rest? | yes |
| A stimulus creates a change in the potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell, but no action potential is created. What is this called? | submaximal stimulus |
| The step in creating an action potential where sodium gates open, and sodium ions rush into the cell according to the dictates of diffusion, making the potential difference become positive | depolarization |
| The step where sodium gates close and potassium gates open. Potassium rushes out of the cell according to the dictates of diffusion, bringing the potential difference back to a negative value. | repolarization |
| What keeps an action potential on an axon from stimulating another action potential which will travel back towards the cell body? | absolute refractory period |
| Why do myelinated axons carry action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons? | They allow saltatory transmission, where action potentials skip from one node of Ranvier to another. |
| Sharp pain comes quickly because it travels on __________ axons. | myelinated |
| Dull ache comes a split second later because it travels on ____________ axons. | unmyelinated |
| A signal that needs to travel a long, long way in the body, and that needs to have exactly the same properties at its destination as it did when it started should be sent along ________________. | a very long axon |
| Twelve action potentials are traveling down an axon in a very short time period. They reach a synapse, and the postynaptic neuron sends only two action potentials down its axon. This is an _____________________________. | excitatory synapse |
| A "circuit" where many inputs are digested down to just one limited output | converging circuit |
| A "circuit" where one input creates many outputs | diverging circuit |
| A "circuit" which prolongs the effect of a stimulation | oscillating circuit |
| Nerves | Bundles of axons and their sheaths which extend from the CNS |
| Ganglia | Collections of neuron cell bodies which are outside of the CNS |
| Spinal nerves | Nerves which originate from the spinal cord |
| Cranial nerves | Nerves which originate from the brain |
| Afferent neurons | Neurons which transmit action potentials from the sensory organs to the CNS |
| Efferent neurons | Neurons which transmit action potentials from the CNS to the effector organs |
| Somatic motor nervous system | The system that transmits action potentials from the CNS to the skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic nervous system | The system that transmits action potentials from the CNS to the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands |
| Sympathetic division | The division of the ANS that generally prepares the body for physical activity |
| Parasympathetic division | The division of the ANS that regulates resting and nutrition-related functions such as digestion, defecation, and urination |
| Association neuron | A neuron that conducts action potentials from one neuron to another neuron within the CNS |
| Excitability | The ability to create an action potential in response to a stimulus |
| Potential difference | A measure of the charge difference across the cell membrane |
Created by:
q
Popular Anatomy sets