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Chapter 1
anatomy class
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomy | the science of body structures and the relationships among structures |
| topics of anatomy | macroscopic anatomy microscopic anatomy |
| microscopic anatomy | the study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification |
| macroscopic anatomy | structures that can be seen with the naked eye |
| cytology | analyzes the internal structure of cells |
| histoloty | takes broader perspective and examines tissues |
| systemic | studied system by system |
| regional | studied area by area |
| atoms | make up molecules |
| molecules | make up organelles |
| proteins, lipids, carbohydrates | cells manufacture these |
| organs | tissues make up these; they are examined easily without a microscope |
| tissues | groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific functions |
| 4 types of tissues | 1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. neural |
| anatomical position | the reference point for all directional and regional terms |
| organism | all organs work together to keep the organism healthy and alive |
| organ systems | a group of organs that work together to perform coordinated steps |
| "stomach is what to the back" | anterior |
| anterior (ventral) | pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the body |
| directional terms | the position of ones body structure or part of relative to another body structure or part |
| anatomical position rules | the body is standing with legs together: - face and eyes are facing forward - feet flat on floor with toes forward - arms are at your side with hands facing forward |
| medial | anything closer towards the midline of the body |
| inferior | pertaining to or nearer the tailbone or bottom |
| superior | anything at the top or directly near or toward the top |
| posterior (dorsal) | everything at the back or directed near or towards the back |
| superficial (external) | anything on the surface or toward the surface of a body or structure |
| distal | directed away from the attachment point |
| proximal | directed towards the attachment point |
| lateral | the opposite of medial - near the outside in relation to the midline |
| parasaffital | plane does not pass through the midline - divides structure into unequal left sides |
| midsagittal | plane passes through the midline and divides the structure into equal left and right sides |
| sagittal planes | divides a body into left and right, paralleling the longitudinal axis of the body |
| deep (internal) | toward the interior of the body, farther from the surface |
| viscera | all of your organs |
| oblique plane | plane that divides the body at an angle; not parallel nor perpendicular but its a diagonal angle |
| frontal plane | pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| transverse plane (horizontal plane) | a plane passing across the body parallel to the floor and perpendicular to the bodies long axis--> divides the body into upper/superior portion and lower/inferior portion |
| abdominopelvic quadrant | 1.right upper quadrant 2. left upper quadrant 3. right lower quadrant 4. left lower quadrant |
| pelvic cavity | interior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity - enclosed by the bones of the pelvis - contains the last segments of the lg. intestine urinary bladder and reproductive organs |
| abdominal cavity | extends from the inferior surface of the diaphragm to an imaginary plane extending from the inferior surface of the lowest spinal vertebrae to the anterior and superior margins of the pelvic girdle |
| diaphragm | a dome shaped sheet of skeletal muscle that separates them and contracts to allow you to breathe at rest |
| abdominopelvic cavity | divided into 1. superior abdominal cavity 2. an inferior pelvic cavity 3. internal chamber called the peritoneal cavity |
| serous membrane covering the heart | pericardium peri: around cardia: heart |
| pericardial cavity | small chamber that surrounds the heart |
| pleura | slippery serous membrane that reduces friction as the lung expends and recoils during breathing |
| pleural cavities | each of these cavities contain a lung, theyre lined with pleura |
| thoracic cavity | one big large cavity located deep in the chest wall -contains the respiratory system, cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, the thymus, and inferior portions of the esophagus |
| function of body cavities | they protect and cushion the organs |
| body cavities | big open spaces |
| serous membranes are associated with.... | the pleura cavity |
| lumbar | lower back |
| hypo | always refers to below or under |
| epi | always means on or upon |
| serous fluid | small amount between two layers of serous membrane --> shiny and slippery to reduce friction --> serous membranes are named for the cavities they are located in |
| visceral pleura | covers surface of organs (viscera) inside the cavity |
| pleural cavity | continuous double layered membrane |
Created by:
Shannona3
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