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HSF II Lab I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erythrocytes | RBCs, average 4.5-5 million cells/mm3, anucleate when mature |
| Leukocytes | granulocytes and agranular leukocytes. Nucleates cells, 5-10,000 cells/mm3, can move in and out of blood vessels in a process called emigration or diapedesis |
| Granulocytes | Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil. High abundance of granules inside cell |
| Agranular Leukocytes | Lymphocyte, Monocyte. no observable cytoplasmic granules |
| Neutrophil | Granulocyte. most abundant WBC (50-80%). stain purple, 3-7 lobed nucleus, active phagocyte, #s increase during acute infections |
| Eosinophil | Granulocyte. (2-4%), bilobed nucleus, stains red-orange, #s increase during allergies and parasite infections. Phagocyte |
| Basophil | Granulocyte. least abundant leukocyte (<1%), large U or S-shaped nucleus, granules contain chemicals, including histamine. For inflammatory response |
| Lymphocyte | Agranular leukocyte. (20-40%), smallest nucleus, 3 types: B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells. involved in immunologic response. |
| Monocyte | Agranular leukocyte. (2-8%). largest leukocyte, kidney-shaped nucleus, active phagocyte. |
| Platelets | cell fragments from megakaryocytes. irregularly shaped, 140-450,000 cells/mm3, instrumental in blood clotting |
| Leukocytosis | an increase in the total number of white blood cells, may indicate infection, poisoning, or hemorrhage. |
| Leukopenia | a decrease in WBC counts below 4,000/mm3, could be caused by tuberculosis, measles, or infectious hepatitis |
| Infectious Mononucleosis | benign, lymphocyte proliferation disease caused by infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (a herpes). Swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fever, splenomegaly, appearance of atypical T lymphocytes in blood. |
| Leukemia | malignant disease from uncontrolled increase in abnormal WBC in bone marrow: myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia |
| Myeloid Leukemia | increase in granulocytes or thrombocytes |
| Lymphoid Leukemia | various stages of lymphocyte development |
| What is the term for the central blood-containing space of a blood vessel? | lumen |
| Name the innermost tunic (layer) of a blood vessel, what is this tunic made of? | Tunica intima, squamous endothelium |
| Name the middle tunic of a blood vessel, what is this tunic made of? | Tunica media, smooth muscle and elastin |
| Name the outer tunic of a blood vessel, what is this tunic made of? | Tunica externa, collagen |
| Which tunic is thickest in an artery? | Tunica Media |
| Which tunic is thickest in a vein? | Tunica Externa |
| Which single tunic is present in capillaries? | Tunica Intima |
| How is blood flow different in arteries compared to veins? | Arteries carry blood away from the heart, have higher pressure. Veins opposite |
| What are the 3 types of arteries found in the body? | Elastic, muscular, arteriole |
| What anatomical structures help to regulate blood flow through the capillary beds? | Precapillary sphincter, shunt, true capillary, venule |
| What vessel type typically has the largest lumen? | vein |
| What 3 adaptations help return venous blood to the heart? | Venous valves, muscle pump, pulmonary pump |
| Atherosclerosis | artery narrowing due to plaque buildup |
| Varicose Veins | Veins become enlarged and twisted, distended. Only a cosmetic issue on the surface, can be dangerous deep. |
Created by:
connorquinby
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